26 important Essay for PTE and IELTS

Referenced Sites for the Collection:
http://macroglobalmogapte.blogspot.com/2015/10/foolish-to-get-married-before.html
https://www.scribd.com/doc/102420052/IELTS-Sample-Essays-by-Kiran
http://pteacademicpreparation.blogspot.com/2015/09/essay-extreme-sports.html
http://ukielts.blogspot.com/2013/11/ielts-sample-essays-mass-media.html
https://ptekhimct.wordpress.com/2016/02/16/it-is-usually-foolish-to-get-married-before-completing-your-studies-and-getting-established-in-a-good-job-do-you-agree-or-disagree/
Contents


1. Do you think consumers should avoid over packaged products or is it the responsibility of producers?

Over packaging of products has become a trend in today's competitive world. Producers are trying to attract consumers with attractive packaging of their products, not bothered about its negative impact not only on our environment but the users as well. It should be the responsibility of the producers to limit the wastage of the resources in the form of un-necessary packaging. 
The cost of over packaging is actually added to the product sold. In fact, at times it is seen the packing cost and durability is more that the product itself. The type of packaging found in pharmaceutical industries can be taken as an example here. Pills and tablets are found to be packed in much bigger and colorful strips than needed. Does this increase the sale of medicine? No. Such packaging is of no concern to the consumers. But, the cost of medicine would have definitely been lesser if sold in a simple outlook.
Further, the material used is mostly non-disposable which adds to the environmental pollution to a great extent. Snacks and other food items packaged in eye-catchy shimmering colored packets are consumed in a large scale by everybody. These packets are really difficult to dispose as they emit poisonous gas if burnt and if not can be seen to contaminate water somewhere. Producers should realize the importance of using materials like paper and stick to simple packaging.
Packaging as seen increases the cost of the product and also makes our environment unhealthy. So, this packaging boom should be checked on a serious note by the producers. Moreover, the producers should be restricted with predefined rules and parameters set by the government. It is also recommended that an awareness among the users that quality of the product is important rather than the attractive packaging.


This is a true fact to consider that over packaging has become a trend of modern competitive market. Considering this, there are some analysts who hold an opinion that consumers should avoid over packed products while others consider consumers should not avoid over packed products. This essay will give assertion on both sides of the contention before deducing reasonable conclusion.
There are reasonable arguments in favour of over packaging from manufacturer. They try to make products as lucrative looking as possible. Consumers have number of alternative options in the market but some of them concern style or looks of packaging while deciding to buy a product. Attractive packaging could be significant factor for selling more.  It is generally seen that product producers try to attract their customers in many ways by over packaging. For example, in case of some biscuit packs we can see that the biscuits are placed in the small plastic tray and covered with multiple layers of packets. In terms of keeping these sorts of products intact and fresh, it is sometimes necessary to use over packing. In these cases the manufacturer would show reasons that they are over packing products for the sake of customers’ benefit. From this regards, it seems logical that the customer should make informed decision whether or not to buy products that use over packing.  
In spite of views discussed above regarding of over packaging, there are some groups who are in favour of avoiding over packed products and say that the manufacturers are deceiving customers by over packing their products. Cost of packaging and their detrimental effects to our environment could be substantial reasons behind of the opponents’ viewpoint.  All the packaging costs are directly being added to the consumers and they have to spend more than the value of products. Small amount of real products are often presented in a large container and packet and the customers are being deceived by the packet sized. Moreover, the manufacturers often use non-disposable wrappers and packets which add bad effects to the environmental.
In the end, undoubtedly, extra packaging of products has detrimental effect to the society; however, as far as I am concern consumers should avoid over packaging products to solve the negative effects it possessed to them and to the environment. If customers start avoiding such unnecessary over packing of products, manufacturers would be bound to change the way they are doing the packing nowadays.


The amount of packaged goods is directly proportional to its adverse side effects, especially, food products. Hence, there is an emerging trend among buyers to avoid such packed foods in order to safeguard them from its harmful health effects. It is advisable for the consumers not to opt for extremely high level of packed items.
In this contemporary world, working class people have less time to choose their consumables from the windows of supermarkets carefully. Besides their busy schedule, most people tend to go for natural foods without any artificial preservatives as much as possible. Since there is a soaring interest towards the organic foods, they should have a practice to promote healthy products by prohibiting overly packed things made of plastics.
From the manufacturer point of view, the aim to pack food products is to prevent it from microbes and other dust particles while transiting the products. However, to comply this, they are forced to ensure their quality with the intention of delivering their products in a safer and efficient manner. But to win the hearts of this generation’s customers, the producers should make the items to reach the shops with less cumbersome, thus with minimal amount of packaging. Therefore, the quality of the food must be maintained naturally.
In the end, it is in consumers’ hand to make final decisions to choose products, and, hence it is evident that consumers have the power to alter the way the manufacturers pack their products. Thus, if people act wisely by encouraging with less packed food items, then the manufacturers will be forced to change their customs in a customer friendly manner.


Opinion - consumer should avoid over packed products or it is responsibility of producer to avoid extra packaging of products
 1. Do you think consumer should avoid over packed products or it is responsibility of producer to avoid extra packaging of products?" Give your views or any relevant example with your own experience
These days companies are selling their products by extra packing to attract the buyers.
However, I am unconvinced and feel that the consumers should avoid purchasing such products as it is a waste of money and resources.
Firstly, over packing of the goods increases its maximum retail price.Hence,although the company is spending on the packing,it is the  consumer who ls at loss as the company sells the product at a higher price than needed and recovers the money spent on its packing.It is the consumers who should realise this and avoid buying such items.
Secondly, people these days buy food products that can be consumed on the run. The plastic and paper that is used to wrap these goods are then thrown around the place resulting in environmental pollution .
On the other hand fast food franchisee use various attractive ways to pack their products which then lure the kids in buying them.Children form the major proportion of the consumers of these unhealthy foods. As a result of the consumption of these processed foods there is a rise in the number of children suffering from obesity,diabetes etc.
To conclude, I believe it is the responsibility of the consumers to refuse products that are overpacked as ultimately they are on the losing side.


2. Many people think that regions affect successful person. What is your opinion about native region and accomplished person’s influence on the region he belongs to?

Many people argue that success of an individual depends upon the environment in which he or she has grown up. However, in my opinion, native place’s environment is only one factor and a person’s attitude, capability and determination also play a pivotal role in achieving success.
Native environment plays a detrimental role in inculcating traits such as leadership, social skills etc. These qualities an individual acquires over a period of time. The behavior of people in neighborhood, school friends and college friends significantly affects behavior and skills of a person. For instance, Mahatma Gandhi a famous Indian leader received most of his leadership skills from people with whom he spent his childhood time.
On the other hand, it is not only native environment that is responsible for development of an individual and his success. After an individual moves out from his native place to some other place for work he tends to learn new things that he was not aware about at his home place. Moving to other places introduces an individual to new ideas and new ways of doing things. It allows a person to thing in a broad perspective and this open minded thinking plays a vital role in a person’s success. For example, Dhirubhai Ambani a famous Indian businessman achieved all his success only after leaving his home town. While moving to different places he learnt different people and various skills which he was not aware of at his native place. And these new learning helped him rule the business world.
To conclude, only native environment may not be behind an individual’s success. There are a lot of other factors that take an individual towards success.


Success in any area of life never happens in a complete vacuum. Often it is just as much dependent on an individual’s will-power and intelligence as it is on their environment and outside circumstances.
To find happiness and success, you therefore need to pay attention and take some control over the type of environments you are surrounding yourself in on a daily basis; even the strongest and brightest of minds will find it difficult to achieve their goals if they are in a completely wrong environment for them.
This is because every aspect of your external life has some influence over your internal thoughts and behaviors, especially the people you surround yourself with on a daily basis, and the type of places where you spend most of your time.
The first main aspect of our environment that influences our success is the people we surround ourselves with on a daily basis.For example, surrounding yourself with friends who are more self-disciplined can also help you become more self-disciplined. This is just one of many examples of how our social network can have an influence over our own behavior and goal-seeking.It fits well with other research that shows if you hang around people who are obese and unhealthy, it’s more likely you will become obese and unhealthy. And if you hang around with people who are lazy and don’t study for class, it’s likely you’ll end up with similar grades as them too.
The second main aspect of our environment that influences our success is the places we spend most of our time at.For example, one important factor that has shown to increase productivity and happiness is giving people some freedom to design their own workplace.Taking ownership over where you spend your time allows you to choose an environment that motivates and inspires you. A good environment for success should keep your senses stimulated and awake while you work on your goals, while not being too distracting.
At the end of the day, you can’t meet your full potential for success unless you find an environment that brings out the very best in you.


3. Roles of governments, companies and individuals to combat climate change.

The constantly increase of the temperature due to global warming is affecting all kinds of life in the earth and to combat the climate change is a role of everyone beginning with governments until individuals. Each one has your role in this issue.
First, the government should create more educational programs telling the people the dangers of the global warming and teach the population habits that will help to diminish its effects. Governments have another important role that is police the companies to check if them are according with the rules of how much gases they are emitting.
Secondly, companies should explore alternatives sources of energies to diminish the emission of gases at the atmosphere. One example, they can change their source of energy change it by a clean source like wind or solar energy.
Thirdly, individuals also have a important role in combate climate change, they can use public transport and leave their car in the garage to reduce the emission of gases, they can stop of consume products that is known as a polluter of atmosphere like aerosol.
In conclusion, the weather is changing and it is everyone role to combat these changes because at the end it will affect everyone, without distinction


Climate change is a serious reason for concern, because it affects every person living on the planet. The vast majority of the scientific community claims that anthropogenic global warming is to blame for these changes. However, there are a small number of people who deny the very existence of global warming. Their words carry a certain amount of weight in some circles, but they lack scientific proof to support these arguments.
The effects of climate change are undeniable. Research conducted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and other reputed meteorological institutions proves that average yearly temperature has been steadily growing over the last decades. The sea levels have also been rising, and the number of floods in different parts of the world has increased dramatically. Glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere have started to melt. This caused more icebergs to drift into the ocean. They currently pose a serious threat to both, cruise and cargo ships that course through the waters of the northern regions. There are reports of some icebergs being spotted far to the South from Greenland.
Over 95% of scientists agree that these changes are caused by the “greenhouse effect”. There is some solid evidence which proves that people are directly responsible for the global warming that is fueling this climate change. Destruction of forests, burning of fossil fuels and environmental pollution are the main reasons behind the “greenhouse effect” that is currently influencing the climate. The speed and intensity of these changes are too high for there to be any cause that could explain them, other than human activity.
However, there is a minority of researchers, bloggers and public speakers who deny the existence of global warming as a whole. In their arguments, they appeal to the fact that climate has been known to change periodically. Therefore, the current situation should be seen only as another turn in the planet’s natural history. These people are yet to present any scientific proof to support these claims. It should also be noted that the vast majority of them is either employed by or owns some companies that deal in the businesses considered to be primarily responsible for the severity of the “greenhouse effect”.
The existence of global warming is a proven fact. Climate change triggered by it affects people on many levels. Though, there are some who argue that this is the result of human activity, they cannot be trusted for the lack of concrete evidence.



4. Nowadays, the mass media including TV, radio and newspaper have become the essential part of our lives. What is your opinion?

The mass media have a powerful influence in shaping our lives. We have come to depend on them for information and entertainment, and in doing so we let them affect important aspects of our lives.
The undeniable usefulness of the media in almost instantly providing information about events around the world is largely taken for granted. But in our dependence on the media we have allowed them to mould our notions and opinions of events, places and people. Though few of us probably think about it, our conceptions of, say, our elected officials spring from television images and newspaper stories. Most of us will never meet prime ministers or presidents, but anyone who is regularly exposed to the media will have an opinion of them. When it is time to cast our vote, we will make our decision based on how the media portray the candidates. We are similarly swayed by coverage of wars. The media, representing the values of their owners,societies and governments, tend to report wars with a bias; which is the 'good' side and which the 'bad' is determined for us by reporters, editors and commentators, and sure enough the public begins to form opinions that reflect the coverage they see, hear and read in the major media.
The media are also influential in the way they facilitate the spread of culture and lifestyle. The so-called 'global youth culture', in which one finds young people around the world displaying a common interest in music, clothing styles and films, is an example of the media's enormous sway in this regard. A popular figure such as Michael Jackson would never be so well known were it not for the media's extensive reach into every society on the globe.
Thus I would argue that the mass media's influence is certainly great. Indeed, with technological advancements such as the Internet bringing even more forms of electronic media to our homes and workplaces, it is likely the media's influence will grow even stronger.


The mass media ,including television, radio and newspapers, have great influence in shaping people's ideas. To what extend do you agree or disagree with this statement? Give reasons for your answer.
It is apparent that the mass media has become essential part of everyone's life. Almost every family has TV set or radio. There are a lot of people who spend too much time of their days watching or reading the media. Therefore, I strongly believe that it has a great impact on people's ideas and actions. In this essay I am going to describe a positive and negative influence of media on people.
There are some good effects of media on shaping people's ideas. For instance, Television is a very convenient and cheap type of entertainment .People can relax after their work by watching favourite shows or games. They also have the opportunity to learn more about histories or lifestyles and cultures of different countries by watching films about them. In addition, people are aware of current world news from media resources .
On the other hand, it is obvious that the media has bad influence on people’s views as well. As an example, there are too many advertisements on TV or radio. They do not simply interrupt programs, some of them give false and misleading hope that happiness can be achieved by buying things. Sometimes, people go into debts in order to purchase products that they probably don’t need .Furthermore, statistics say that children mostly enjoy watching TV and video among such activities as: bike riding, art or craft, skateboarding. It is known that many of them are cruel and horror films or videos. Consequently, children them harm themselves not only physically but also psychologically. They become more aggressive and more violent to people surround them.
As I have demonstrated, the media can influence on people’s views and behaviors both helpful as well as harmful. Therefore, we should know our limits and use it only to educate ourselves about what is going on around us. In this case, the mass media will be, certainly, beneficial for us


Over the recent years, the increasing amount of communication and media has affected people’s life in a several ways. The vast amount of information from newspaper, radio and TV has made us not only up to date with the contemporary societies but also more dependent. Although, I agree that mass media has a significant importance in today’s dynamic world, it is not free from the probability of bringing serious consequences due to the exaggerated information it deliver.
To begin, with the development of information technology and sophisticated printing material, the flow of news is becoming myriad. Public have no time to go through the actual scenario and investigate the news rather they have to rely in newspapers, TV and radio. As a result, the news from television may be more influential to some individual while others may comprise doubt on it. For instance, the media can overstate the financial operation of a company where most of the shareholders belief remains. This can severely affects its potential investors and shareholders who have clear belief about the company’s performance.
On the other hand, the impact of media towards us is inevitable. Media has significantly played an important role in product advertisements to the current social issues. People make a choice of moving to different products through an advertisement they see on the television or through reading the newspapers. Such advertisement has given many choices to consumers where they can change their consuming behavior at their own benefit.
In conclusion, the increasing amount of mass media has constantly influence and will continue in the future .However; the overflow of such communication can have a depressing effect if it is not controlled by the individual bodies.



In this day and age, mass media have become epidemic all around the world. So that, people in different ages follow and use them, such as television, newspaper and the internet which have became more popular among individuals. On the contemporary worlds, whether the influence of mass media in shaping people's life is controversial issue. One group of people believes that media have no effects on people's lifestyle, while others are advocate of powerful influence of mass media in our lives. I personally agree with the latter group, because of two main reasons which are elucidated below.
First group claims that mass media cannot have an effect on our decisions and believes; since, it has been taken for granted. Of course they are right to some extent, but I think they considered this issue superficially.
First of all, mass media have a profound impact on cultures. It causes to eliminate the boundaries of cultures among people and creates globalization. The globalization is a good instance to depict the affection of mass media, because individuals can see what happen in other countries or how they dressed and what their culture is. As a result, they usually imitate what others do.
Secondly, mass media are a source of information. It informed people about daily events or new discoveries. This information sometimes is used to change people's opinion. For example, in election of president, the fan of candidates advertise in media like, television or the internet for them, and absorb attention to elect any person that they want.
In conclusion, as I mentioned above, the influence of mass media is undeniable, and it can change our beliefs and our ideas.


5. The mass media including TV, Radio and newspaper influence our society and shape our opinions and characters. What is your opinion?

6. Company’s top level authorities should get their employees in decision making process. Discuss

Company’s top level authorities should get their employees in decision making process. Discuss
Decision making is a crucial step in the success of a company. The moot question is that whether involvement of employees is required for the decision making process.
The solid foundation of any successful company is its people. Employees represent a source of knowledge and ideas, but oftentimes that resource remains untapped. Involving employees in the decision-making process not only empowers them to contribute to the success of an organization, but also saves the company time and money. It also increases productivity and reduces outsourcing.
Improving Morale-Actively engaging workers in the decision-making process increases overall company morale. Employees understand that their ideas are an important contribution to the company, and give them the power to influence the innovative outcome of their work, leading to increased job satisfaction and a positive attitude.
Internal Resources-Using employees in the decision-making process, rather than outsourcing, saves money, time, and offers the company long-term reliable assistance from those who know the corporation well.
Teamwork-Participation in the decision-making process gives each employee the opportunity to voice their opinions, and to share their knowledge with others. While this improves the relationship between manager and employee, it also encourages a strong sense of teamwork among workers.


Innovations and ideas is something which has brought us to this technologically developed world. Perhaps, it has been accepted by all by now. Organization can only flourish well where its employees are given the freedom to innovate and rewarded for the same. Top level management should be smart enough to judge its plausibility of implementation, as the final decision has to be taken by them.
In today's competitive world, it has become essential for all organizations to do their best in every sphere of their business. Innovations and new ideas have become, somewhat indispensible to be able to remain as a part of the competition. Now, the question is who in the organization should take part in making the business survive? One group of people think that it should be the higher management, whereas, other group of thought believes people across all levels should be encouraged to give in their ideas where ever possible.
It is a fact that people working in the particular area knows the ins and outs of the processes involved to perform that job. He is in the best person to come out with ideas which can provide a higher output for the organization in that particular area. For this reason, in many manufacturing houses labourers are given incentives for each new idea they come up with. Such companies value the thoughts of its each and every employee.
On the other hand, there are companies which believe that it should be the duty of only the higher management to come up with innovations and decisions. Management has a belief that taking ideas and suggestion from everybody would only lead to chaos. Employees may provide suggestion having personal interest, which could be harmful for the company.
Innovations and ideas is something which has brought us to this technologically developed world. Perhaps, it has been accepted by all by now. Organization can only flourish well where its employees are given the freedom to innovate and rewarded for the same. Top level management should be smart enough to judge its plausibility of implementation, as the final decision has to be taken by them.


It is a true fact to consider that today's world has become a global village. Due to that reason business has to face huge competition to catch-up the highly competitive market. Considering this, there are some analysts who hold an opinion that in the company top management should consider employees suggestions or ideas before making the decisions or innovation while others consider that they should take decision on their own. This essay will assert both sides of the contentions deducing a reasonable conclusion.
Higher authorities should consider employees suggestions or ideas before taking important decisions for the company. First and foremost, job experience could be a significant factor. It is generally seen that majority of the people working in the particular area have become experienced professionals with many practical knowledge that the management could use in their favour for decision making. The fact could be demonstrate by in the food processing industry: food process has been divide in various sectors such as, harvesting, separating, filling, packaging and labeling etc. and to take decision appropriate employees should be engaged in decision making. The engagement of employees in decision making creates a very positive impression and inspires them to work better. The employees start feeling as part of the company and their output significantly increases. This is also an effective measure to control the mutiny  of the labour in an industry.
There are some groups who are in favour of the idea that management should not consider employees suggestions or ideas when they make decisions, in spite of views discussed above. Management responsibility could be a substantial reason behind the opponent's viewpoint. There are companies in which they believe that higher management are responsible to come up with best decision and innovation for better future, because they believe employees add ideas or suggestions for their personal interests.
In conclusion, undoubtedly, company managements have higher responsibility to take plausibility of implementation for the healthier future; however, as far as I am concerned, lower level worked force has immense experienced of their profession. Therefore, without any reasonable concern employees cannot be neglected and their decision and feedback should always be included while taking any decision for the company.


7. Some people think law changes our behaviour. Discuss.

Everyone knows that laws are the rules laid by the government on the citizens of their respective country.  It helps in smooth functioning of the nation by governing the behaviour of people. It is disagreed that laws can change behaviour of a person. It can only assist in creating a disciplined environment for the society and controlling the crime to some extend but not eliminating it.
                Firstly, imposing laws has created a sense of fear among people of getting punished. For instance, damaging the historical monuments, books, paintings, sculptures or other form of art is considered a crime and is punishable under vandalism law. This example shows that a person with moral responsibility will take care of other’s assets but a person who is not worried about the consequences will deface them. Thus, we can say that human’s action can be regulated by laws but cannot be changed completely.
In addition, in our day to day life, we follow rules without even realizing them. Traffic law is an example of this. Today, most of us follow the traffic signals out of habit. We stop at a red light, start an indicator before a turn and wear seat belt when we are on road. Thus, we can say that laws embed some changes in human behaviour to some extent. However, we are still facing road-accidents which clearly show that rules and regulations have controlled the behaviour of mankind without altering them completely.
In conclusion, we can say that rules and regulations can help in controlling the behaviour that is dangerous.  Laws not only help in checking the reckless nature of people but are necessary for the development of society.


Topic 346: Present your perspective on the issue below, "It is possible to pass laws that control or place limits on people`s behavior, but legislation cannot reform human nature. Laws cannot change what is in people`s hearts and minds." | Score & Analysis
Some people respect the law and regulations from the point of view that regulations coordinate the relations and agreements between people in real life. On the contrary, other people think that firm laws and regulations limit their personal freedom and restrict their creativity and innovation, that's why they usually think that creativity comes from chaos. in my opinion, implemntation and sticking to laws and legislation reduce the risk of chaos, saving money and finally regualtes the life system.
the reality is that the government function is to plan and to set up laws and rules, while our role as a citizens is to follow,implement and respect those legislations. so we can give a simple example concerning traffic laws in developed countries had saved a lot of time and lives by making the car drivers follow the street directions. Ghandy had concured the hearts of the indians during the British invasion to india not by breaking the laws but he simply chose to do nothing.
On the other hand, chaos causes citizens to loose a lot whether on the finical part or on the immoral part. For example, Paris is always crowded even to the late hours of the night on the contrary of other countries, where their citzens had lost the sense of security and the people stay at their homes when the sun falls.
that's why I agree.
On the other hand, where their citzens had lost the sense of security and the people stay at their homes when the sun falls.
Human beings do not just exist as biological creatures, they are also social creatures. Humans have to fulfill some responsibilities to live in a commune, for that reason every individual have to obey the spoken and the written rules.


Society without law is impossible to think of. It can only regulate and work properly with laws. However laws do not make men good. People do not need laws and rules to know what is right or wrong. This knowledge is to be inside of every individual. Basic issue that my term paper needs to examine is that laws make men good or not. I will explain Machiavelli's and Aquinas' response to these questions then I will explain my argument.
According to Machiavelli, virtu is skill and ability in ruling. It is not a moral thing. A man that has virtu means he is extremely good at what he is doing. To survive and lead to victory, he believes, sometimes prince should act unjustly. The virtuous man is the one who has the qualities that lead him to success in his actions. Prince is a decent man but sometimes he should act without morality.(Prince,18). If he wants to hold on to power, he should learn how not to be good. Because, in some circumstances, his goodness would damage him if he cannot use it skillfully.But even virtue cannot guarantee success. So fortune is an important term for prince to achieve his goal.( Prince,20). Some events happening in our lives and we are not able to change it. Machiavelli says that fortuna determines one half of our actions but it also leaves us to control the other half.(Prince,74). A ruler who only depends on his luck will not survive long because when his fortuna changes, it will destroy him. If one knew how to change, as times and circumstances change will survive with his luck. Virtu depends on fortuna and Machiavelli's prince needs fortuna to survive long. Both luck and skill needed him to overcome problems. He says the way that people behave and should behave is differ and they obey the rules not because they are good but because fear restrains them (Prince,48).
Hence laws do not make men good, people pretend to act good and they only obey it because they are forced, we cannot say law contribute them to be act virtuously. People can easily corrupt and it is their nature to want to be ambitious and to be greedy. Where there is a freedom of choice, they will immediately abuse it. So they only act justly when they are forced to.(Prince,93). Obeying rules does not make them just, they behave this way because they fear.
On the other hand, Aquinas supports that law is a measure and rule which governs people's acts.(Aquinas,77). It is a kind of teacher that teaches people how to act virtuous. So for Aquinas, human laws are required not only to prevent the vicious acts, but also to lead them to be virtuous. Law, even by forcing and punishing, leads men to act good.(Aquinas,100). For him, happiness is the final end of human life and lawful acts tend to produce happiness and blessedness to reach the final end.(79). He also believes there is a natural law in people. He points out that every individual understand what is good or bad for himself and human laws derive from the natural laws.


8. Pros and Cons of extreme/adventure sports.

The adventure sports were there before as well but only limited to the defense purposes. Today due to advancement in technology, adventure sports are easily accessible by a common man. These sports demand a great deal of daring. There are both benefits and drawbacks of these sports.
Any kind of adventure sport develops competitive spirit and makes one to face the future problems with utmost patience. When one participates in these kinds of sport activities, one could become capable of handling the various vicissitudes of life because adventure sports require high hard working tendency. Moreover, there would a change to meet people of their kind and could enjoy one other’s company. Next, a person gets the thrilling experience which remains as the nostalgic memories. Finally, a person would be trained so that one may serve one’s country by joining the defense services. Therefore, it is clear that adventure sports are highly beneficial.
However, adventure sports have the other facet which cons. Generally, these sports are chosen by youngsters and in the event of playing they may be severely injured, sometimes may become physically handicapped. Furthermore, in extreme cases, these sports may cause death of a person. For instance, car race, which gives thrill but with the minor mistake it may cost their valuable lives. Hence, these sports are dangerous.
To summarize, ultimately by taking proper care and by being careful, one can minimize the cons of these sports. In my view, cons overweigh pros of these kinds of extreme sports.


               The popularity of extreme sports has continued to grow over the last decade. These activities are undertaken at high speed, high altitude, and high degree of physical exertion. It is agreed that no amount of words are adequate to convey the thrill of skiing, deep sea diving, bungee jumping, water rafting or any other adventure sport. This argument can be proven by looking at how these kinds of sports teach self-reliance, teamwork and let everyone leave their comfort zone.
                Firstly, the risk-taking sports help in development of self confidence and independence. For instance, by successfully facing up the challenge of adventurous sports like rock-climbing, young people overcome their fears and apprehensions along the way and develop a feeling of unusual accomplishment (achievement). This makes it clear that climbing mountain, instead of an indoor game, helps in developing the balance, using more muscle groups, and taking on a journey in an uncontrolled environment that stimulates brain with countless variables. Thus, achieving your goals in an unpredictable weather, recognizing the thrill of beating storm and making it back home safely result in enhancement of overall personality of an adventurous person.
                Moreover, many people are reluctant to try new things like mountain biking, scuba diving, white river rafting, para-gliding etc., thinking that they do not possess the skills or have an ability to enjoy it. Encouraging people to try new activities results in building up team spirit, promoting positive attitude and making them come out of their comfort zone. Thus, we can say that by trying out dangerous sports, one can get rid-off the negative feeling and develop a feeling of working as a team.
                Looking at the above, we can say that adventure sports have many impressive benefits including problem solving, improved communication skills, self-confidence and team work. However, it is recommended that these sports should be tried under proper guidance and supervision of a guard.

Against
               While every sport has a danger, extreme sports athletes are at a high risk of serious injuries. For example, back-country snowboarders are known for riding on an unpredictable terrain where avalanches are common. Since these off-piste riders do not ride on a groomed slope, hazards such as large boulders and fallen trees can be easily hidden under large deposits of newly fallen snow. As can be seen from this example, even a smallest misstep can plummet big wave surfers more than 30 feet below the breaking ocean waves. Thus, we can say that adventurous people are prepared to gamble their safety in search of adrenaline rush.

In recent years we have seen a considerable rise in dangerous or extreme sports. This essay shall discuss some of the main reasons why people engage in such sports and suggest ways in which some risks involved in such sports can bereduced.The main reason why people go for dangerous sports is that they get the thrill out of them. They like taking risks. They like to challenge their abilities and potentials. They feel a sense of satisfaction when they come face to face with fears while bungee jumping, rock climbing and so on. In addition, going through a dangerous experience gives them courage and confidence to face the hurdles of their daily life. Another reason for pursuing such sports is that there is a lot of fame and money involved in them. They get attention by doing stunts on motorcycles and jumping from tall buildings. They make headlines in newspapers and TV News Channels. They feel great when their name comes in the Guinness Book of World Records. Once they get famous they get a lot of money also. For instance, many businesses hire them to endorse their products. They also get jobs on the basis of such skills. Many steps can be taken to reduce the risks are that involved. Firstly, these sports should be done under strict supervision. All safety precautions should be taken. Such sports should be performed after sufficient training and under supervision of adults. Sport companies which cater to such sports should require a license for providing such training. Some people suggest banning some sports. However, I don’t believe that banning is a good solution. We all know that forbidden fruits taste sweeter and people will do such sports in hiding which would increase the risksinvolved.To put it in a nutshell, I pen down saying that, people do such sports for fun, for money and for fame. However, such sports should be performed after sufficient training from licensed companies and under some supervision.


9. The environment we live in is in danger due to various problems. What are the underlying causes? Who is responsible to combat this? What measures?

The condition of our environment is getting worse due to various activities of human beings, which as explained below together with the measures to be taken to overcome these problems.
The various causes of environmental problems are deforestation and the human population explosion. Due to the increase in population, the demand for living places, for new roads increases. On the other had to fulfil these demands, forest have been cut down, which creates an imbalance in the environment. Together with this, industrialization and urbanisation create a lot of pollution- it may be noise pollution, air pollution , or water pollution. The total effect of these activities leads to global warming where the temperature is rising at the north pole and is making ice melt in the polar regions. This is raising the sea level and may cause floods in various parts of the world. All these disaster are taking place because of the human activity. So it is human being who should combat these effects. Firstly, Government have to take strict measures to control the population. Secondly, various campagains have to be carried out at different stages- in every town and city to create awareness to protect the environment. Even though these measures can be effective when implemented and planned well with the cooperation of the government and non-government organizations.
To sum up, considering all the above information, it is clear that every individual has the responsibility to protect the environment. So, it is important to create an awareness for our survival in this environment.


Environment has become a major concern over the last couple of decades, resulting in several debates on who should be responsible for ensuring its sustenance for our future generations. In this essay we will discuss the point of views for establishing where the responsibility for protection of environment lies.
There is a strong argument that individually we cannot contribute materially to the cause of preserving our environment because it encompasses several areas where individual efforts become futile. Some examples are factories that are emitting hazardous gases in our air or dumping dangerous materials in our rivers. If we want to take this up as an individual we cannot be expected to be able to prevent this from happening. One could argue that if each share holders puts pressure on the companies that they own this could lead to build up of pressure for being more responsible, this unfortunately is not workable because usually the companies are mostly owned by funds that are managed by professionals, seeking profit and environment is very low on their priority list.
The above leads us to deduct that if this movement of preserving our environment is a collaborative effort of the government and general public we stand a better chance of being successful. The government should provide the legal infrastructure to control the natural instinct of profiteering of all investment institutions; with this the individual efforts could start making the difference. Continuing the above example if an individual member of the society notices that same happening in his or her surroundings, he or she can call on an implementation agency that would tackle the factory emitting hazardous gases and dumping dangerous materials. Examples of these implementation agencies include Environment control desk in the city office, environmental inspectors who randomly visit such factories and are empowered under the law to impose a fine or completely seal the production facility found in violation of the rules.
The responsibility surely seems to be tilting towards the actions of individuals supported through government agencies and legislative framework, thus in my opinion the combined efforts of the government and public would be more effective. This should not however be interpreted as being absolved from keeping our environment clean and we can through cans and other non-degradable materials on the beach.


In today’s modern world, we are constantly confronted with the issue of environmental problems which are becoming more severe nowadays on newspaper. Some people are of the opinion that individuals can hardly make a change to the environmental problems, while some believe that governments can help in solving the environmental issues. I strongly agree that governments do play an indispensable role in tackling these problems.
Some people think that the environment problems are not an easy task for individuals to deal with, but in fact, we can actually take up some good habits which could prove useful in dealing with environmental problems. For example, we can always bring along recycle bags with us so that we can cut down the usage of plastic bags. It can be clearly that individuals can actually contribute to help reduce environmental issues as less plastic bags being used means that less air pollution which is caused by the burning of plastic bags in the rubbish dumpsites.
It is certainly true that the environmental problems cannot be solved without the help of governments. To begin, governments have more power than individuals in coping the environmental problems. They can, for instance, set up law that ban the emission of wastes from factory directly into the air and water courses. As a consequence, less air pollution and water pollution guarantee the good health of citizens. By doing this, citizens will be healthier and they can now live in a pollution-free country.
In conclusion, environmental problems should be tackled immediately with the cooperation of individuals and governments. I believe that the environmental problems will be solved one day and our country will continue to prosper and flourish in the years to come.


Pollution becomes a major concern in the society all over the world. In the society not only an individual, but also groups of people live. In the society it is everyone’s responsibility to protect the environment. Environmental problems caused by pollution, for example fuel gases, cutting of trees, gases released by factories. Government should take responsibility to reduce pollution in order to protect the environment.
Every individual who is leaving in the society should take responsibility to participate to protect environment. Firstly, people should grow trees at their houses, premises and colonies. By growing trees there are huge advantages, for example most of the polluted gases took over by tress and they release the oxygen. Everyone should not throw the wastages on the roads, maintain healthy environment by using the dustbins.
At the same time if we consider the government’s role: government have authority to protect environment. By planting the tress all over the places, for example all government places, besides the roads, schools, and parks etc., what I know this type of programme called clean and green environment. Thus the pollution can be controlled.  Cleanliness is very important to maintain environment healthy, hence government should emphasis the cleaners to clean the area thoroughly. Should place the dustbin every streets and educate the individuals by advertisements. Inspect the houses every month to check how the individuals maintain their house, so that the individuals reflect themselves and self-correct themselves. Conduct environmental talks in the school, that individual learns everything from childhood on-wards in the school.
I believed that it is every individual’s responsibility to solve the environmental problems, however impossible for only one individual in the society. So that government should take actions to solve the environmental problems, but encourage every individual to takes part all those activities.


Environmental problems have dramatically increased over the last few years. Rapid increase in population and other problems such as pollution, deforestation, global warming etc. have further exacerbate the situation. Some people argue that these problems are too large to be addressed by individual being. I believe that it is a mutual responsibility of both individuals and countries to take pragmatic measures for its solution.
Over population is one of the pivotal reasons that have detrimental effects on the environment. Increase in population demand more food resources, living space and others basic amenities of life. For instance, for the sake of accommodation many natural parks and forests have been wiped out to fulfill the need of living space. This has lead to severe consequences that could damage both for the people and environment.
Individual efforts can contribute a lot to address the pressing environmental problems. Steps taken in individual level can be an effective solution for the world. For instance, if the government of a country takes initiatives to reduce the rubbish produced daily, can’t do much. However, if the citizens take effort from their personal level, the rubbish production could be controlled tremendously. Similarly, if administration of a country starts planting trees, the effort would not go further without the collaboration of the individuals.
Pollution is also a great menace to environment. It is not only the reason of environmental problems but also have dire effects on people. Factories operating within cities emit dangerous smoke and others harmful toxic, which are enormously affecting people health and making them more susceptible to diseases. Furthermore, pollution also contributes in global warming. There has been a drastic increase in temperature around the globe. Which is result is the reason of melting glaciers across the world. These are no longer national issues and all the governments of the world should work together to address this pressing problems. That is why prudent decisions are required from the government level and the ordinary citizens should be encouraged and participate in every way possible to make the world a better place to live in.
To sum up, I would like to say that environmental problems should be addressed on large scale. Everyone have to contribute in order to mitigate its vulnerable effects on the world. Even a little effort by an individual can make a huge difference.


10. In education system, assessment through formal written examination still valid?

11. Large shopping malls are replacing small shops. Your opinion? Good or bad


SHOPPING MALLS LARGE SHOPPING MALLS ARE REPLACING SMALL SHOPS.GOOD/BAD
Mall culture has become big business, as shopping malls have evolved into multi-storied structures housing a large number of stores that sell diverse products and services. Shopping malls house a collection of retail stores and restaurants
Parking is one of the major hassles for people who go into the city to shop. Shopping at malls eliminates this problem, because parking is provided either free of charge or for a nominal fee. This makes it advantageous for people to choose to shop at a mall rather than a single store. Families who choose to visit a mall on the weekend or holiday for a family outing find it to be a more convenient option mainly because parking is provided
Visiting a mall is advantageous because of the numerous stores housed in one complex. Groceries, clothes, shoes, reading material, food courts, cinemas and entertainment arcades are available in one place. Malls make great meeting places for friends to catch up over coffee at a café or a meal at the food court.
In addition to this,shopping malls has a proper security system so there is no chance of any crime.
Apart from this,In shopping malls the prices of all things are fixed so customer have no need  for bargaining.These large malls also helps to build up the status of that city.
 Hammering the last nail,The temptation to browse is always present, and browsing often leads to buying things that are not needed. Keeping to a monthly budget becomes increasingly difficult every time you visit the mall. With all the sales and special offers intended to tempt buyers, saying "no" becomes very hard.


Commercialization has grown rapidly in the modern era. Consequently, there is a mushroom growth of big shopping malls. As every garden has weeds, this phenomenon also has its pros and cons. On the whole, the advantages outweigh the disadvantages.
There are many advantages of big stores. To begin with, they save our time. We do not have to waste time going from one small shop to the other. Secondly, these stores offer a huge variety of goods. For example, in some stores you can buy anything ranging from a sewing needle to a car.
Furthermore, such stores purchase items in bulk and so they can afford to sell the products at a lower price than the other small retailers and therefore the customers are benefited. To add to it, they sell mostly the branded products and so the quality is assured. Another advantage is that most of such stores accept credit cards and so you don’t have to carry heavy chunks of cash. 
On the downside, such malls promote consumerism. They pull the customers through attractive displays and schemes and as a result customers end up buying more than they need. Moreover, such shops are opened with huge investments. So they can withstand adverse market conditions for a long time. Because of this the small retailers and vendors are finding it difficult to cope with them. 
To put it in a nutshell, I pen down saying that big shopping malls are definitely an asset to the customer and society despite their drawbacks. 


Increasingly larger stores, in particular national and international chain stores, replace small individually owned businesses in the countryside and in villages. While there are some benefits for customers this development has also major implications for communities. In my view, the negative consequences of small shops disappearing for local products, local suppliers and the community make this an undesirable trend.
While the choice of products a chain store offers may be larger compared to an individual small shop, larger stores usually standardize the range of products sold. This will allow them to offer goods at low prices but commonly allow for few local or seasonal variations or even individual or custom orders.
Moreover, local products and supplier are less likely to be supported by chain stores. Large stores usually order only from large suppliers and local producers, farmers and craftsmen will face difficulties distrusting their products when small stores close down. Eventually, they may have to go out of business. Similarly, local food and delicacies are unlikely to be on offer in larger stores. People will less frequently buy these kind of food and consequently it may slowly disappear entirely.
Lastly, there are some less obvious economical consequences. Unlike small stores, large stores are usually not owned by locals. Profits are therefore less likely to be re-invested in the community or used to support local projects. Moreover, a large store replacing several small stores can be run with less staff in total. As a result, there are less jobs for locals.
In conclusion, in my view individual small shops have decisive advantages for local producers, employees and consumers. In the end, it is the consumers choice to support and preserve small shops or spend their money on the cheaper and more uniform products of large stores. It remain to hope consumers understand how important their choices are for the future development of their community.


Nowadays, the modern life completely changes the way we shop. Little, local shops disappear and big shopping centers come instead. Yet so what way of shopping is better and has more advantages for the people and our society?
To begin with, I start with advantages of big malls that are so widespread all over the world. First of all, the advantage of shopping center is convenience. We come to the mall and can buy everything we want beginning with food and finishing with clothes or electronics. We can safely assume that it is very important and easy for people who have little time. Secondly, shopping centers have many entertainment and relaxation. You can go to a cinema or for instance bowling. There are many amusements for little children, like various chutes, toys and other fun. Or if you are so tired of shopping you may have some kind of relaxation like massage, cup of coffee in the comfortable cafe or hookah. In a mall you spend many hours without being bored. Finally, shopping center is the place where you can meet many friends and people whom you haven’t seen a long time. Also malls become a place of social life of many teenagers.
Now let’s start with advantages of little local shops. To start with firstly it is also convenient if this shop is situated in your house or nearby. If you forget to buy something you always can walk in this local one. Another thing is that the products that you buy in little shops are usually fresh and non-damage because the production in these shops is supplied every day and you always know that you buy good food. And finally, nowadays as we all know, many big supermarkets are closed on free days and it is very uncomfortable for people who work a lot and have only time to shop on rest day. Local shops work all week without days off and can always help you to solve this problem.
Summing it up, despite of all the advantages of local shops like always presence of fresh food and work without free days, I think that more advantages for the people and the society. Shopping centers are an indispensable part of modern urbanization. Therefore, in my view, shopping malls will gradually replace traditional local markets because of their social advantages.


12. Nowadays, people spend too much time at work to the extent that they hardly have time for their personal life. Discuss.

Many people are busy with work and do not have enough time to spend with family and friends. Why does this happen? What are the effects of this on family life and society as a whole?
In this modern society, many people are busying with the work, they need to work over 10 hours each day, even need to back to work on the weekend. Sometimes, they even cannot see or talk with their family in whole week. Why this phenomenon will happen?
As the common understanding, we should agree modern technical we used today should release human resources for routine work. However, we found it is not the truth in urban area. When you are walking in the street with lots of IT firms or accountancy companies after 10 PM, you will find the windows of these companies always are lighting.
From my opinion, in modern society, People have more pressures than the past because high competition for the job. The population of city is grown up yearly, and everyone wants to have good salary and higher position, how to demonstrate you are the best of all competitors? The only way is working hardly, and working over time. On the other words, we have to reduce the family time. Another reason is to refresh and upgrade our knowledge for the new technology, we have to study more and process more information during our spare time. It also expense our relax time.


As a consequence, we can observe this phenomenon of longer working hours have negative impact to our daily life. First of all, people who are working in highly pressures in long time and without enough time to relax will create health problem, such as dizzy, tired, cannot be concentrated, and furthermore, to reduce the productivities of work. Secondary, lack of communication with family for long time also will build up communication issues. Most of time, people have multiple roles in the society, for the family, he/she should be father or mother, over time make them have no enough communication with their children, they will miss lots of grow up moment of children and memory, in some worse case, if lack of communication with children, younger will addition to video game or unhealthy hobbits, that will cause more worrisome problem for their parents. Finally, people have no time to meet with old and new friends if they always need to working over time. So they only can make friends with co-worker, this will cause a result they only can focus on small scale society relationship which is similar, and they have little chance to meet with different people and different event to enrich life experience.
Therefore, nowadays, people are working hard and never mind to work longer time, I still believe the negative impact is more effect to the modern family and society, how to make work life balance, should be our crucial task since we are living in this century


Nowadays, people spend too much time at work to the extent that they hardly have time for their personal life. Discuss.
Today we are living in 21st century and are highly civilized people. Technology has reshape our lives with enormous features which are being utilized for official work and personal everyday tasks. Goals and objects are become highly important in one’s life.
Everyone wants ameliorate professional life and achieve flourish success among the people in the society. To make a prominent place in the professional life, people work hard and give more time in result to compromise personal family life. We are covered with different professions in the society such as scientist, engineers, doctors and others professionals who spent more time during their work to become more popular and get fame among others and increase the productivity. Few eminent organization are conducting workshops and seminars to improve their employees personal life better and help them for their self-management. Some companies also offer gym and sports centre membership so the employees so they can spent time to make more effective their personal life.
Although the technology has made our life more productive but has compromised our personal lives. In same room, we use social media and do not discuss and share thoughts with the siblings and parents. Husband and wife both work and their children do not get much time to mix up with them. This feeling sometime lead to some psychological disorders in children.
In conclusion, human has made the technology but the technology is controlling human life. People have not much time to give their personal life. Human are trying to cope with the technology and professional life to allow them some spare time to sit, discuss and talk with the family member to get more close to each others.


13. It is usually foolish to get married before completing your studies and getting established in a good job? Do you agree or disagree".

There are numerous disadvantages to getting married while still a student. “[Getting married in college] can create a greater problem when you are dependent on parents to support you. There is the probability of more tension on the part of both sets of parents.” Expecting your parents to continue paying your tuition as though you were still a child once you have chosen to take on the very adult responsibility of marriage can also create tension.
Another reason to wait is the time constraint on enrolled newlyweds. Balancing time at home, adjusting to a new life and spending time on academics is a daunting task, regardless of how organized you are. Married college students are often left with not enough time to do housework, study or have couple time. Little time is left for each other so there’s less time to work on personal growth and the marriage.
The college marriage often results in restriction of college experiences, participation in college functions and of relationships of college friends.
Not only that, but she also finds that marriage affects academics. “There is often a drop in grades due to added responsibilities or having to take on a full time job. The distractions that marriage brings are endless and normal, but if your current schedule and goals make marriage too much to handle on top of your college life, then the smartest decision may be taking care of your college career before saying your vows.
Sometimes the engaged couple isn’t actually ready to decide what they want out of life (or marriage) yet. College is a time of growth and maturing. Getting married too soon can cut growth and maturation short. “Most students need some time to be self-supporting, living on your own and making decisions as you mature. An early marriage can prevent students from ever getting that time to mature.


Today we are living in a competitive world and striving to make an excellent career to become prominent part of our society. Once the career is stable then to live a happy married life would be easier because most of the necessities would be covered which require money. A group of people also believe that to marry during the studies would be beneficial to support studies and establish a healthy career.
The technology has made our life is very busy and highly competitive. People are more working hard to achieve to their goals and objectives than ever before. During the studies students are highly focused about their academic and the coming future professional life. Career is pivotal to people and therefore they world hard day and night, as hard work pay off. Once the career is bright then they would be able to have a happy and successful married life. If people get marry during the studies then it would be difficult to concentrate career. After getting married, the responsibilities are awaiting to accept. Wife’s and then kids require love and care, it would be highly unfair if a person is not giving time and attention to wife and kids and looking forward for his career development.
Another people of thoughts believe that it is better to get marry before someone’s start professional life. A good life partner will be supportive and helping hands during studies. A partner would help to meet responsibilities other than studies, then the studies would be more focused and in result a prominent success leading towards a bright career. If a person get marry early then he would be able to see his kids growing and start their professional life before his retirement.
In conclusion, to get marry after studies would make a person eminent among others to attract a desirable life partner and meet all the necessities of life would lead to a successful married life. Marrying during the studies would provide the edge to support kids and ensure their bright career and future during someone’s own sustainable professional career.


Marriage is actually a big commitment for the whole of an individual's life and hence should be properly planned before making that big decision.
With the wedding comes along the responsibilities of taking care of your spouse, the money required to run a health life, supporting the children and so on. Hence one should definitely ask the question himself/herself about this before getting hitched.
I would strongly recommend completing the studies and secure a safe job so they don't have to worry about the plan for the next day or month. Getting married while one is still at college would bring an additional burden of making the money along with his studies.
Being busy all the time by shuttling between college and work, will not provide quality time between the married couples too.  This might create an emotional tension between the couples too and might put the entire marriage at stake.Practically, leading a family life without enough monetary support is next to impossible.
Having a clear plan of what will be happening in the next few years of marriage while one is still at college should be answered before making a final call. Though few would have support from the family, not all will enjoy the same. Hence it is always better to get married after a well settled job rather than to regret later.

14. Some people believe law changes human behaviour. Do you agree/disagree?

15. Talk about pros/cons of this era as it is full of daily inventions

16. Imitating celebrities in sports and movies good or bad?

17. Any recent invention that you think proved beneficial or detrimental to society




18. In the past 100 years, there have been many inventions such as antibiotics, airplanes and computers. What do you think is the most important of them? Why? The Greatest invention in the last 100 years, medicine, science or technology?


Science and Technology has advanced many fold in the last 100 years. It has progressed human lives in all spheres. Among all the inventions, the most revolutionary one is the advent of computers. In fact, Computer have become indispensible for communication, education, banking, travelling, health care, aviation industry, and any other industry one can think of.
Today, a student cannot think of carrying on the studies without access to computers. “Internet” - has made the world a much smaller place to live in by providing information on any possible thing, just at a click of a button. Students use it for their projects and enhance their knowledge in the subject.
Communication with the help of World Wide Web has become a part and parcel of daily life. Now, family and friends can have video chat between any parts of the planet. This has opened a wide frontier for people to travel, work and live even thousands of miles apart, by maintaining a close contact with their dispersed dear ones. Perhaps, computers have become an essential tool for further innovation, across all industries. The effective antibiotics could not have been invented at this pace had computers not assisted the scientists. Similarly, aviation industry would not have flourished with its application.  In spite of its darker side, computers are expected to do wonder even further, in the coming days to mankind.
In summary, there are many inventions in the last 100 years that have changed the world and have made it a better place but among them the computer technology is the best as it has changes the way we live our lives, how we communicate each other and made our life easier and more convenient. 


It is evident that science and modern inventions have revolutionized the world and is a blessing to mankind. With the advent of  computers, antibiotics and airplane, humans have progressed in all spheres of life.  In my opinion, computers seem to be the greatest inventions of all times. This could be clearly seen by looking at its multitasking capabilities, ability to store information and utility in almost all fields.
            First of all, computers can do numerous mathematical calculations with incredible speed and pin point accuracy. For example, a person can simultaneously execute more than one task, thereby increasing the productivity and reducing the human errors. This makes it clear how the human involvement is minimized by just supplying data to the computer for evaluations and getting results in fraction of seconds. Thus, I can say that computer is one of the most outstanding innovations of the last century.
            Secondly, computers can store large amounts of information and a user can retrieve it later for further processing. For instance, trend analysis and forecasting in a company are done by referring to historical data. These examples illustrate the usefulness of computers for measuring the success of a company.  It is obvious from this that the computers  have contributed significantly to the world’s economy.
            Finally, there are many uses of computer in different fields of work. Engineers, architects, jewels, and film-makers all use computers to design things. Teachers, writers, and most office workers use computers for research, word processing and emailing. Small businesses can use computers as a point of sale and for general record keeping.
             In conclusion, we can say that computers are the top innovations of all times considering high speed processing at a time, high storage facility and presence in almost every field. It is hoped that new software’s and hardware’s will keep on making the computer better as life without computer seems to be like a rose without petal.


the past 100years many devices have been invented that affected our life, for example, cell phone, jet motor and so on. But I think one of the most important invention that had great effect on human life is computer. In the present era, you can see computer everywhere. The embedded computers find in many devices from Mp3player to fighter aircraft, from toy to industrial robot.
At the beginning, computers were very big and occupied a room. They were used for special purposes and did not work very fast. During the time computers evolved and got faster and smaller and then personal computer(PC)was invented that established a vast revolution in human life. With the coming of computers to our home, we can perform some tasks that were far-fetched before. We can buy and sell things, chat with a friend, and travel to other country. Imagine you want to travel abroad, you can select your hotel;evaluate its facilities even see inside of hotel rooms and booking it just by one click.
In the recent years, we see a fast development in PC. Laptop and tablet are some kind of new PC that is portable and wireless. Scientists predict that in the nearest future it will be possible to smell a new perfume and watch 3D scene at home like we do in the theater.
In conclusion, computer is an integral part of human life that you can not imagine. We will see the progress of computer in the future and the dependence of mankind to it more and more.


19. Information revolution has changed the way of mass communications and had some negative and positive effects on individual lives as well as on society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Information revolution has changed the way of mass communications and had some negative and positive effects on individual lives as well as on society. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
We are living in the age of 21 century and technology is shaping our lives. The human has made rapid development and progress in achieving the goals and objectives towards information dissemination. In the last decade, the mass communication flourished tremendously in the society as people are eager to get recent and actual information.
The mass communication has been accelerated in the last few years. It has made easier access to the information form different regions of the world essential part before. The computer Internet technology boosts the speed of mass communication. Earlier the newspapers were the only source of mass communication media, but now the mass communication is equipped with the latest technology and innovations of computer Internet. The mass communication media is playing a pivotal role in the society. The politicians are using mass communication media for their election campaigns and make the people in their favor to caste vote. Products advertisements are being done for business promotions to attract consumers toward their product. The indispensable role of mass media in our society become highly effect to help and organize the needful people towards the charity promotions to help someone for medical treatment and support for the basic necessities of life.
In contract, media is also responsible to introduce deprave and nefarious elements in the society. The mass media in a shape of business promotes celebrities with their various lifestyle, such as they are addicted to drinking and smoking. The adolescents adopt the famous celebrities lifestyle without having the actual knowledge which is hidden and can cause severe harm to their health. The extreme sports like bungee jumping is usually promote by the media as a form of adventure which can be adopted by the people and put someone’s life in danger.
In conclusion, the mass media has highly influenced our live and is affecting that a person can change opinion towards the thing around. It is giving benefits to people it is taken in correct direction, but if the mass media is controlled and use for someone’s interest than it is highly deterioration for the society.


The mass media have a powerful influence in shaping our lives. We have come to depend on them for information and entertainment, and in doing so we let them affect important aspects of our lives.
The undeniable usefulness of the media in almost instantly providing information about events around the world is largely taken for granted. But in our dependence on the media we have allowed them to mould our notions and opinions of events, places and people. Though few of us probably think about it, our conceptions of, say, our elected officials spring from television images and newspaper stories. Most of us will never meet prime ministers or presidents, but anyone who is regularly exposed to the media will have an opinion of them. When it is time to cast our vote, we will make our decision based on how the media portray the candidates. We are similarly swayed by coverage of wars. The media, representing the values of their owners, societies and governments, tend to report wars with a bias; which is the 'good' side and which the 'bad' is determined for us by reporters, editors and commentators, and sure enough the public begins to form opinions that reflect the coverage they see, hear and read in the major media.
The media are also influential in the way they facilitate the spread of culture and lifestyle. The so-called 'global youth culture', in which one finds young people around the world displaying a common interest in music, clothing styles and films, is an example of the media's enormous sway in this regard. A popular figure such as Michael Jackson would never be so well known were it not for the media's extensive reach into every society on the globe.
Thus I would argue that the mass media's influence is certainly great. Indeed, with technological advancements such as the Internet bringing even more forms of electronic media to our homes and workplaces, it is likely the media's influence will grow even stronger.


In this day and age, mass media have become epidemic all around the world. So that, people in different ages follow and use them, such as television, newspaper and the internet which have became more popular among individuals. On the contemporary worlds, whether the influence of mass media in shaping people's life is controversial issue. One group of people believes that media have no effects on people's lifestyle, while others are advocate of powerful influence of mass media in our lives. I personally agree with the latter group, because of two main reasons which are elucidated below.
First group claims that mass media cannot have an effect on our decisions and believes; since, it has been taken for granted. Of course they are right to some extent, but I think they considered this issue superficially.
First of all, mass media have a profound impact on cultures. It causes to eliminate the boundaries of cultures among people and creates globalization. The globalization is a good instance to depict the affection of mass media, because individuals can see what happen in other countries or how they dressed and what their culture is. As a result, they usually imitate what others do.
Secondly, mass media are a source of information. It informed people about daily events or new discoveries. This information sometimes is used to change people's opinion. For example, in election of president, the fan of candidates advertise in media like, television or the internet for them, and absorb attention to elect any person that they want.
In conclusion, as I mentioned above, the influence of mass media is undeniable, and it can change our beliefs and our ideas.


20. Learning a new language at an early age is helpful for children. Is it more positive for their future aspect or have some adverse effects. Agree or disagree?

At present a matter of considerable controversy is the issue of whether including foreign language lessons at elementary school has a positive effect on learning or should children start studying that at secondary school. Strong arguments exist in support of both sides of this debate, which implies that these must be examined before reaching to any conclusion.
One of the most substantial arguments in its favour is that young children`s minds are more accessible to new material in comparison with an older age group, such as adolescents. This is generally because the information that is consumed by children takes place on subconscious level based on instincts.
Another positive aspect of an early introduction is that the greater flexibilty of the primary school timetable allows for more frequent and shorter lessons in order to avoid overstraining young pupils.In addition to that, a playful approach can be applied. Thus, maintaining learner`s enthusiam and progress. Therefore, it is clear why some people gravitate towards this idea.
However, there is another side of the question. Opponents of the primary approach, point out that, if primary language teaching is not standardised, secondary schools could be faced with an inequality of language levels. Hence, it could give birth to some difficulties. Consequently, after analysing this drawback it is obvious why many supports this claim.
In conclusion, taking into account everything mentioned above, I am inclined to believe that although the early introduction of foreign language has some downsides, it is more beneficial than harmful, primarly because it has more positive aspects that far outweigh the disadvantages. Ergo, the best course of action would be to support language learning in the elementary schools for prosperity of present and future generations.


In today's modern world, language plays an indispensable role in both studies and jobs as well as during socializing. Thus, some professionals encourage the children nowadays to start learning a foreign language at primary school and claim that it will be too late for children to learn it in secondary school. In this essay, we will examine both the benefits and drawbacks of this issue.
Undoubtedly, learning a totally new language is tiring and requires more time to master it. It, indirectly, increases the burden of a primary school pupil who is supposed to learn new things in a stress-free environment. If they have to learn a new language in primary school, they will be loaded with more tons of homework every day. In fact, more time should be allocated to study more useful subjects such as Science and Mathematics. These subjects are considered as stepping stones to a prospective job. If one day they become a scientist or a doctor, they may contribute endlessly to our nation by inventing more essential drugs in combating diseases.
However, there is other side of a coin always. To begin with, picking up a foreign language enables the children to develop a better foundation in foreign language. They are more likely to speak it more confidently in front of the crowds. It is proven that children who learn a new language tend to make less mistakes in writing an essay. Not forgetting to mention that, they will have the ability to express things more clearly as they have wider range of vocabulary than those who start late. In addition, they may come across with foreign cultures when learning a foreign language. To illustrate, it can be learnt from literatures and poems. By knowing the culture of others, they may not experience cultural shock and are able to adapt well when staying in other countries for the purpose like studying. They are, obviously, become more knowledgeable and more open-minded which help them to look at a specific issue from different perspectives.
In conclusion, the benefits of learning a foreign language in primary education is apparently outweigh the drawbacks. I believe a person equipped with more languages is definitely needed in our society to make our country more prosperous and flourished in the decade to come.


Scholars have recently debated an issue of whether or not a foreign language should be taught in elementary school instead of higher level. There are, certainly, some consequences of teaching foreign language in primary school, both positive and negative results. These points of views will be elaborated through the following paragraphs.
To begin with, scholars believe that understanding a foreign language in elementary school may contribute a more incredible communication skill of pupil in the future regarding to their ability to catch up insight is incredibly fascinating during this period. This phenomenon is related to a fact that elementary school period is considered as “golden period” of pupils since their brain cells grow remarkably connecting one cell another in the whole brain hemisphere. Indonesian pupils, who learn English while they are in primary school for example, can speak English more fluently than those who do not get same treatment in the same level.
Despite of the gain, there can be a lack stumbling learning international language in elementary schools. Teachers’ ability is the real example. Most of the teachers in primary school are generalist and get used to deal with more general subjects in school. By asking them to teach foreign language, English for example, may be a difficulty in conveying knowledge over that such specific subject to students.  And therefore, when entering higher level school, there will be wide variety of students understanding in English and will lead to a problem of adjusting what particular topics should be given to students in the higher level.
All in all, understanding foreign speaking in primary school can be achieved through maximizing golden period of students. However, capability of teachers also must be considered in order to ensure the subject distributed well to students.


21. What are the greatest inventions of the 20th century among medicine, aeroplane and computers, why?

22. In under developed countries, tourism has disadvantages and can be said the opposite as well.

 In recent decades, low cost airfare has made international travel easier and many countries have, therefore, developed their tourism industries into key sectors of their economies. While it is clear tourism brings obvious benefits to the countries that host tourists, it is also true to say it may bring disadvantages as well.
 Undoubtedly, there are significant benefits that tourism brings to a country. First, a thriving tourist industry implies an increasing need for a variety of services such as hotels, transport, restaurants, and entertainment. This results in a considerable number of jobs being created for people who lack a college education and also the development of the infrastructure needed to accommodate visitors. Moreover, tourism is a "green" industry that, unlike factories, generates a low level of pollution. In fact, because beautiful natural landscapes are often places that tourists come to see, a country will often be sure to maintain the landscape in order to keep it attractive for tourists.
 Despite the benefits, there are aspects of tourism that may prove harmful to a country. For instance, a country may suffer from the loss of their traditional culture. This is caused by people in a country changing their lifestyle, customs, and language in order to more effectively serve visitors or because they become influenced by foreign countries. This can cause stress in a traditional society and could even lead to animosity towards tourists. In addition, because tourists often carry expensive objects like cameras and are unaware of their surroundings, they make good targets for theft. Crime also increases as a result of the increases in drugs and prostitution that caters to some vacationers.
In summary, global tourism is greatly beneficial to an economy and environment of a country. However, it can be detrimental in several ways. To my way of thinking, a country should seek to develop its tourism industry because it can bring steady jobs to many people without their need for higher education and without the risk of environmental damages.


The growth of tourism and the numbers of people traveling to other countries for their vacations has led to debate as to whether this is beneficial. I believe that there are many problems which arise out of the tourist industry, and will examine these in detail.
Many people argue that travel broadens the mind. However, this statement does not fully hold water. I would argue that spending a few weeks in another country is not long enough to gain a proper understanding of an alien culture. A foreigner visiting Britain might be met with the traditional British reserve, and mistakenly conclude that the British are unfriendly. Furthermore, some people are unwilling to open their minds. A Western traveler to an Arab country is unlikely to consider that the veiling of women is acceptable.
Being a tourist in a foreign country brings with it problems that can lead to dislike of the native people. Firstly, a foreigner is vulnerable, and is often ripped off by locals. Secondly, the language barrier can lead to misunderstandings. Thirdly, tourists are often hassled to buy goods, which can ruin a holiday. When I went to Bali, people tried to sell me something every five minutes, and this totally spoils my sunbathing.
Local people also often end up disliking foreigners. Visitors may mistakenly act contrary to local norms, or they may just be plain offensive, as many drunken British holidaymakers must seem to the Spanish. Global tourism can lead to hostility from the native people, who may feel their traditional way of life is under threat. Additionally, the relative wealth of the foreign visitors can cause envy and resentment.

In conclusion, I would say that I largely agree with the argument that global tourism creates misunderstanding between people from different cultures, and that the differences are often a cause for conflict rather than celebration.


In recent times, the role of tourism industry in the world economy cannot be neglected. Tourism industry has emerged as one of the biggest industry in the world, providing jobs to millions. Often it is said, that world is becoming smaller, and I believe it is because of this frequent international travel. I do not agree that international tourism creates tension; in fact it brings different culture together.
When person travels from one country to another, they learn about each other’s culture, cuisine and habits. People become more tolerant towards each other’s differences. International tourism helps people in experiencing the natural beauty which could not be found in their country. I believe, due to increased international travel, people have subdued. For instance, countries like Maldives, Thailand, India (Goa) etc. thrives on tourism and we can clearly notice the difference between the people’s attitude towards each other in these places as compared to others. People are friendlier, understanding and accommodating.  They are ready to change themselves easily to cater to new demands of tourist. Another good example would be Dubai, which is part of UAE but is very different than any other emirates. It is because of international tourism that Dubai is more tolerant and modern and developed.
The biggest pros of international tourism are, we can learn a lot from different countries. For instance, if you go to Singapore, you cannot help but notice how effective their public transport systems are; and how stringently all the rules are followed. Similarly, many tourists come to India to seek spiritual guidance and to learn yoga, which they might not get in their country.
In a nutshell, I think, international travel alleviates tension between the two nations rather than creating. In today’s economy, when every country is interdependent for trade and business, international travel helps people from different countries to understand each other and exist in harmony.


23. Communication has changed significantly in the last 10 years. Discuss pros and cons impacts.

Technological developments in this modern era have transformed the way we socialize. Advancements in communication networks have played a vital role in bringing people closer. In my opinion there are both pros and cons of this development and this essay will analyze how technology has changed the types of relationships made by people.
In ancient times, people used letters and telegrams to interact with each other. With the advent of modern communication systems like telephone and Internet, people can collaborate more effectively. For instance, we can interact through emails rather than letter and businessman can have online meetings through conference call.
 Another reason is the widespread usage of social networks over internet; for instance, Facebook, where men and women can now make friends online and interact with them through post, messages and online chat. Videoconferencing in the form of Skype has improved instructor and student relationship. Online messaging platforms like mIRC has given people the luxury to choose their own discussion based chat rooms. There are more ways to socialize now than they used to be in past.
 All these advancement in technology comes up with their merits and demerits. Letters, memos and telegrams are replaced by emails and text messages. Human resource hiring can be done through online video conferencing which has eliminated the need for physical presence and travelling requirement. We can now mingle more through Facebook, Pinterest, Google+, Instagram and Orkut and so on. Though one can regard these as positive developments, they do have some negative aspects. These developments have isolated people and discouraged real world interaction. For instance, youth in particular prefers to choose to mix up with people online rather than socializing with them in the real world.
 To conclude, technology has no doubt revolutionized the way we interact and hangout, but has greatly reduced real world interaction. Though these virtual relations tend to be positive but we should not deny the importance of physical interaction in our lives.


Everything has two sides, and the ‘effects of technology on people’s relationship’ is not an exception. We cannot deny how much technology transformed the individual reaction with others in his family and surrounding community.
In my opinion, technology has affected and transformed our life aspects and dealing with other people in a good way. Recently, we have many faster and cheaper methods to call our family and friends. Moreover, some technologies are giving us chances to see and talk with them in the same time. In addition, we are informed in daily basis with the last updates and news about our friends and family, so we can remember the birth days, graduation parties and even marriage anniversary. Furthermore, these methods make it faster and easier to call and congratulate other individual.
On the other hand, many people believe that, technological aspects are affecting individual relationship badly. They opine that, if we did not have these kinds of technology, we would have been visiting each other regularly.
Not only that, but individuals will not be isolated from each other, especially those who are addicted to using social networking platforms.  As a matter of fact, people become talking to each other in face-to-face method rarely. In particular, people’s personalities are changing so much, because of addiction in using Facebook. It’s one of the vital reasons to decrease confidence and self esteem.
As can been seen, even if we have some bad effects of technology and how it changed the way people contact each others, but we still have much more effects. We can obtain many easy and cheaper methods to contact each other. In fact, technology has enhanced our life and the way we are contacting each others.


24. The only thing that interferes with my learning is my education- Einstein. What does he mean by that? And do you think he is correct?

Education is the acquiring of knowledge, skills, habits, values and beliefs from our teachers and seniors. In our traditional or conventional education system the content of the education is limited to already established customs and practices. We only learn the knowledge, which has been discovered or invented earlier. The format of the education limits the learning of the students to only cramming and the exams are also a test of more or less the “retention power”. In this essay we shall be discussing both the arguments.
Firstly, when Einstein gave this statement he experienced that students learn through a formally designed education pattern restricting their thought process. In fact, formal education limits the doors of imagination and creativity. There is little chance for exploring things, because the best way to learn something is to experience it. Thus, students are not encouraged to think out of the box and search for solution themselves. They all are expected to provide the same answer which is in books. This example shows why Einstein believed that formal education hinders the process of learning.
However on the contrary, if we started allowing kids to say, they do not need school they would probably learn nothing, as most of the average student does not have the motivation or interest to master something on their own. Einstein was exceptional. As we cannot expect that all students would be as capable as Einstein, so it is really necessary to impart the basic education, knowledge & skills to children, like reading and writing in order to survive in this world. They usually need school to learn and understand the existing principles and practices and can improve upon it according to their interests and capabilities.
Lastly, the education systems have undergone a lot of changes, recently, in order to enhance the cognitive abilities of the students. For example in Stanford University, usually a mentor is assigned to few students, who would not interfere in the learning process of the students. This helps the students to develop creative skills and think out of the box. The mentors are only there to be their guide and help them if they are approached and they share their experiences with the students. This way the students would be completing their studies in their own way and style.
In the end we can conclude that the present education system has evolved from its traditional approach to be more student friendly which encourages them to bring out the best of the talents and abilities to the world.


Einstein was a genius, which back in the old days many never really understood what a genius really was! So for him to say, the only thing that interferes with my learning is my education! He was actually saying, he was a lot smarter then any education that could be taught to him back in them days!
So he had to more or less, self-educate on his own to be able to be smarter then he already was! Many people saw him as off the wall, sort of speak! Because of the fact he was a lot more smarter than anyone really knew! So instead of him being looked up to because of being so smart, he was more like an outcast to most! Mostly because of his odd behavior, and weirdness and very much misunderstood! He plainly just didn't fit in!
I guess you could say, very few people tried to get to know him at his level and partly no one could possibly even think at his level! So he to many was just a strange person! But the fact was he was a genius and he was misunderstood back in them days! Geniuses today are honored and almost worshiped and there is today, way higher education levels in place now for people that are geniuses!
Could you imagine if education would have been so high level to teach Einstein to the levels he was running for! He would have really accomplished way more then what he did!
And may have changed the world for a lot better then what it is today! Maybe that's why education is such a high priority in today’s world, so that everyone has a chance to be the next great Einstein, or even greater! If education hadn't changed from the old days, man would have never made it to the moon!
Education has to always change for the better, may be at times not fast enough, but if it didn't life will never get better! If education was still the same as back in Einstein days, Medical wouldn't be where it is today and millions would have all died every year! Medical is the biggest resource for longer life and more quality of life! Without it, people would be dyeing at younger ages and from many diseases that wouldn't be curable without all the medical education we all have today!
Einstein would have actually fit in better in today’s world then he did back in the old days, you could say he was born in the wrong Century, so it would be like taking a well-educated person today and put them back into Einstein days of life! The person would feel completely out of place and most likely wouldn't be able to even cope in that kind of life!
So what Einstein was saying is, he was being taught 6 th grade education when he was actually like the highest college degree grad in are time of life! And he wanted higher education then the highest college education! But back in his days 6 th grade education is all they had as highest education to offer!




25. The illiterate of the 21st century will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Do you Agree or Disagree?

Our understanding of the world is changing rapidly. Toffler himself pointed this out. In ancient times, people often believed the same things their ancestors believed. Knowledge, once acquired, was slow to change.
But even as of the 1970s, our knowledge of biology and physics (to name only two endeavours) had changed dramatically since less than a century. At the beginning of the twentieth century, learned men thought that everything that could be discovered, had been discovered. And since the year 1900, radiation has been discovered. So has DNA.
That says nothing about Relativity or Quantum Mechanics. Each of these theories challenges our common-sense world views. To have both of them in the same century is amazing.
And then, the computer stopped being a fiction. First, it was an oversized calculator. Then, computers were mysterious to most of us. Today, they are ubiquitous. If not, I wouldn't be writing this answer and you wouldn't be reading it.
The 20th Century: how much has changed. And to think, that is only a partial list.
The implication is that the 21st Century is likely to change our minds. If the past is any indication, more will change, and more rapidly, than has changed in the past.
That is the essence of science: the willingness to abandon theory X if theory Y is of better quality. To accept the knowledge (as example) that Pluto is a dwarf planet, one of many, represents both "un-learn[ing] and re-learn[ing]." It is but one example.
Unless scientific progress slows down, an unlikely scenario, we will have to all do that, not just regarding Pluto but in many more areas. We will all have to do more than just learn our lessons, graduate from school, and go on with our lives unchanged.
We will all have to add un-learning and re-learning to our intellectual agendas. Otherwise, we risk losing touch with reality.


We know Alvin Toffler as a sociologist, writer and a futurist, not as a learning expert. It is said that this quote is from his book, “Rethinking the Future.” As I haven’t read it, I really don’t know the context of this quotation. But I think his definition of the illiterate makes us ponder. It also reminds us of a quotation by Charles Darwin, “It is not the strongest of the species that survives, nor the most intelligent, but the one most responsive to change.”
The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines unlearn as “1: to put out of one’s knowledge or memory, 2: to undo the effect of: discard the habit of”.
There is so much we unlearn without much effort. Knowledge not often revised, skills not regularly practiced and beliefs shattered by contradictory experience are all day-to-day examples of unlearning.
But what about a situation where person’s knowledge, skills and beliefs serve him well and is therefore reinforced? How can he unlearn them in the face of a superior learning, which will serve him better?
In a company where I worked, head office staff used to call long distance to collect current sales figures from branch offices spread across the country. Email was introduced to increase efficiency and reduce cost. Although adequate training was conducted on email, the phone bills never came down substantially. The reason – people continued to use the phone to find out if the emails were sent or received!
Another more personal example of unlearning, a habit, is quitting smoking. I too quit smoking some years ago. I remember trying everything under the sky – sticking patches, chewing gum, counseling…nothing helped. One day, suddenly, without any apparent reason my urge to light up just wasn’t there. I unlearned but I don’t know how 
We learn as much as we unlearn. I am sure you will agree that one’s existing knowledge is one great hindrance to future learning. That brings me to my questions 
Is there a formal process for unlearning? Can we just plainly unlearn knowledge, skills and attitudes? Or can we unlearn only when we discover a substitute behavior or skill?
How useful it would be for both organizations and individuals if they master unlearning! Imagine organizations casting away ineffective and inefficient processes and methods effortlessly so that they do not hinder learning better ones.



Can organizations conduct “unlearning programs”? If so, how can we facilitate unlearning? Can we think of having an unlearning module before we start a learning module so that we can clear the old hindering structures before we build a brand new one?

Schools and Colleges play a vital role in teaching us. These institutions often tend to force their students to learn more and more, without mastering the fundamentals. Students who love their subjects and enjoy their books are becoming hard to find day by day. Industries view degree holders as an abstracted and tuned resources for their need.
So, “learning” has not been given the due respect by all the players: students, educational institutions and industries.
What about unlearning and relearning? Do they really make sense in our existing system?
Unlearning and relearning are tightly coupled and usually happens together.
Unlearning and relearning do not mean that one should forget the things he had learnt and learn it again at some point of time in his life. This is a very common misinterpretation I find among the people who know this quote. I have even seen people quoting “Tower of Hanoi” as an example where you have to decouple the things you have built to arrive at the final solution. I call this as a fictional example where they try to unlearn by demolishing something that is there.
Unlearning happens when you are open to new prospective to the things you already know. Relearning happens when you accept a new perspective and appreciate your knowledge from that perspective. Together they will help you to overcome your misconception and misunderstanding that was there from the time you learnt something new.
When we learn something for the first time, we will be focusing to get a bigger and abstracted view of it. We ignore small and important features. After learning something, a small discussion with friends or teaching someone or trying to summarize your learning will make you realize the minute details that you have missed when you learnt it.
Unlearning and relearning applies not only for education; but also to any form of knowledge or skill that we acquire. Our knowledge and skill can to be improved day by day.
Be open to thoughts. Keep learning, unlearning and relearning.


26. "Value added by travel in Education Is travel a necessary component of education or not? Will scholar sitting at home have more knowledge than one who travels? "

It is quite common these days for young people in many countries to have a break from studying after graduating from high school. This trend is not restricted to rich students who have the money to travel, but is also evident among poorer students who choose to work and become economically independent for a period of time.
The reasons for this trend may involve the recognition that a young adult who passes directly from school to university is rather restricted in terms of general knowledge and experience of the world. By contrast, those who have spent some time earning a living or traveling to other places have a broader view of life and better personal resources to draw on.
They tend to be more independent, which is a very important factor in academic study and research, as well as giving them an advantage in terms of coping with the challenges of student life.
However, there are certainly dangers in taking time off at that important age. Young adults may end up never returning to their studies or finding it difficult to re-adapt to an academic environment. They may think that it is better to continue in a particular job, or to do something completely different from a university course. But overall, I think this is less likely today, when academic qualifications are essential for getting a reasonable career.
My view is that young people should be encouraged to broaden their horizons. That is the best way for them to get a clear perspective of what they are hoping to do with their lives and why. Students with such a perspective are usually the most effective and motivated ones and taking a year off may be the best way to gain this


Peoples are divided on the issue that countries should encourage the young peoples to do jobs or to travel before attending university. Some people think that it is better for students to attend university, while others believe that traveling and working before joining the University for formal Education is better for the students to understand the world. In my opinion it is very important for student to develop communication, attain maturity and develop professional attitude and the later approach is better way of achieving it.
First of all, this will prepare the students for higher education.  In the school student are no fully matured. Even some remain childish in thinking and behaviour. In the university a student will meet with different types of peoples so there require a good understanding and mental maturity stage for that. The university campus provides special and deep knowledge of particular field which require hard working and learning capability. Because university education and teachers prepare the students to survive in real world on his own basis any place, some prior travel and work experience would even accelerate it more.
Moreover, it will make one to understand the professional life. This will provide important experience to a student to mange theirs studies with work, because in higher studies students have to finance their studies or to work in research laboratories. Working at shop or small office will teach the students to understand the working pressure, cooperation with coworkers and complete the task in schedule. In my school days I worked in a drug selling shop from where I learned how to convince and cool down the angry customer during selling. This later on proved to be valuable experience in my university level.
Finally, it gives the chance to improve communication skill. Communication skill is important part not only at working area but also in learning center. With excellent speaking and respecting attitude one can win the favour of opposing persons. Traveling makes the person to share views and learn various cultures, languages from other peoples. Exchanging opinion enriches one’s speaking ability.
In summation, it is clear that pre-university jobs and travelling are vital experiences. These not only prepare one for civil life and toward maturity but also make one to improve communication skill.


The job of a supervisor requires a lot of preparation and the strong attitude at caring about the quality of work. The most relevant qualities of a supervisor will be analised in the following paragraphs, supported by specific details and examples.
Firstly, one of the most important characteristics of a supervisor is the perfect comprehension of the nature and dynamics of the work he has to manage with. Furthermore, the supervisor is a manager who leads the work of a group of people, so he has to be comprehensive on errors and at the same time he has not to lose the control over his subordinates, letting them do unrepairable mistakes. That's a really challenging task that I'm experiencing this current year like responsible of a group of research which represents the University of Padova in a European competition called Solar Decathlon.
Another fundamental quality that makes a good supervisor is the capacity of judging equally all the subordinates' works, instead of being preferential towards the ones which respect more his ideas. The quality also includes his/her focus to the deadline and attaining excellence in the team. Supervising a group of people with a strict rule is not always possible and more leadership quality in this case is essential. Being able to keep balance in the team and observing the progress while learning from the past mistakes three other qualities each good supervisor should have.
In conclusion a supervisor has to be perfectly acknowledged on the tasks he's working with and he has to be a leader strict but right at the eyes of his subordinates.


Taking one year gap between high school & university studies is become very popular in some countries. Those who think that it is an opportunity for their future plan to work in somewhere and travel extensively. Actually in the latest training where I participated, I met with several people from Denmark and Norway who were over 24 and are working in non-profit organizations. By assembling all of the facts I will try to examine what are the advantages and shortages of taking one year gap.
First of all, of course after high school, working and travelling experience can be valuable opportunity for personal development and career advancement. By travelling, prospective students are able to acknowledge different culture, values and tradition. Moreover, while travelling students can develop their independency and confidence and thus these two main qualities can help them to overcome crisis which can happen in their life. Working experience is very crucial factor, and my experience shows that companies in some cases look for experienced employees more than someone qualified or graduated from university and have no prior experiences. Addition to it, experience in work place is kind of practises and whatever gained from practises may match with syllabus of some subject which will they have, thus in this case students’ knowledge on those subjects will be advanced.
Taking a gap year has several disadvantages. Talking about it, after working and travelling students can be neglect to their university, in some case they may not take any university studies at all. Even in case of getting a course at university, the atmosphere of class such as attendance and discipline can seem hard to students. So students feel hardship to adapt and overcome.
In conclusion, I can easily say that taking a gap year has some advantages and drawbacks, and it is hard to say one of two exceeds another one and one of famous scholar said: before I spent time and now time is spending me so I consider that it is a personal choice whether to take or not.


 The development of society is going towards a globalised world where education is an essential foundation for personal, social and economic success. International studies are becoming a new trend for young people as a way to expand their education beyond their traditional education style. It is agreed that adding a foreign qualification has become an integral part of higher studies. This argument is proven by looking at how it widens people’s perspective and helps them with better career opportunities.
             Studying abroad helps people increase their awareness about different cultures of the world. This will contribute in creating individuals with a broader understanding of issues concerning today’s society rather than limiting them in a scope of home education system. For example, universities have a large community of students both from the local area and all around the globe. The diverse academic community enhances the quality of learning by providing wider spectrum of opinions and expertise. This example clearly shows that international education enhances outlook and sharpens self-awareness. Therefore, we can say that traveling is an important element of education.
             Moreover, acquiring a globally recognized qualification or degree opens the doors for international job market. The students gain more knowledge and expertise when abroad and apply them to situations requiring international interactions. Also, employers look for the graduates with international experience either by studying or working abroad. Thus, we can say that international studies add value to a student’s education.
             In summary, it can be said that travelling to foreign countries for higher studies is a key to succeed in this globalized planet.


27. "Marketing strategy for big companies should be placed on offer and discounts, and in what ways this can impact on their reputation

Various marketing strategies have to be utilized in order to increase the profits of a business. These marketing strategies depend largely on the customer base and the goods and services sold. Many businesses consider offering discounts a good way to increase sales. However, this can be a two-edged sword. Offering discounts to customers, in a business, can either be a good thing or a bad thing. This essay is about the pros and cons of offering discounts in a business.
A business usually decides to offer discounts to customers for a particular reason. This can be due to a special season, old stock is sold at discounts due to the arrival of new stocks or if a business is going out of business. Whatever the reason, the business offers customers a reduction in price. Discounts can be categorized as cash and trade discounts. Cash discounts are the concessions provided by the seller to the buyer. This encourages the buyer to purchase quickly and allows the seller to get the payment soon. Trade discounts are a reduction the supplier gives to the business owner. This will happen only if the quantity of the product is over a specific figure. The purpose of trade discounts is to encourage the buyer to purchase in bulk.
Whoever does the buying and selling, discounts do work to the advantage of both parties. For example, discounts attract customers. Most people cannot resist a sale. Therefore, advertising discounts on various products or all products will definitely draw in the customers. A business will see more customers (old and new) during this period than any other. The increase in traffic will automatically increase sales, which is the bottom line for sales. If only certain items are on sale, advertising this factor will also encourage buyers to purchase other items which are not on sale too. Discounting items in a shop will also leave more space for other items, such as, new stock. For example, if a marketer has stored items that he/she does not plan to sell, discounting them and selling them, will free up space in the storerooms which will enable him/her to store more useful items.
Although there are upsides to offering discounts in a business, there are also a few downsides. For example, although there will be sales, the profit margin in the store will decline as the goods are sold at reduced prices. Sometimes, these prices may even be below market value. Individual discounts to customers may encourage them to ask for discounts all the time, even if the marketer mentions the earlier discount is a one off discount. If the marketer does not give the customer the discount he/she may be discouraged and look at other areas to conduct business. In addition, a shop that offers discounts always provides the reputation that the business is not doing so well. Many customers may be put off by this reputation and stop visiting the store.
It is not an easy task deciding if offering discounts in a business is good choice or a bad one. However, a business needs to consider these factors closely in order to run it successfully and profitably.
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28. Travel to study is over rated; we have brilliant scholars who studied locally. Is travel really required for higher studies?

29. The space travel is fantastic these day and they are very fascinate towards its but there are many environmental problems in our planet we should resolve the problems or travel space and spend a lot of money.

During the past 50 years we frequently heard about the many amazing spinoffs from the human spaceflight program – everything from personal computers to solar energy. Now, we are also seeing direct tangible benefits from the research being conducted on the International Space Station (ISS).
Curious about better medicines, providing clean water, and growing enough food for the increasing global population?  Tweet This Quote
The ISS provides a unique environment for scientific discovery that simply cannot be duplicated anywhere on Earth. Research on this orbiting laboratory is not only enabling humans to explore the solar system, it is leading to countless improvements for life on Earth. For example, space based science offers an environment to foster new materials, better medicines, improved methods to provide clean water, and better ways to grow enough food to feed our increasing global population. Studying astronauts living and working in space also enhances our understanding of the human body, resulting in innovative ways to protect all humans from many different ailments. The list of benefits is endless.
I like to point out that the space program technology transfer is two-way. Many NASA engineers give their expertise and spare time to apply space program technology to problems facing the developing world. In doing so, they learn valuable lessons that will allow us to push space exploration beyond low-earth orbit. The highly efficient engineering approaches that are required in the developing world – robust solutions that do not require a lot of maintenance, resupply or training – are the same approaches we need to employ if we are going to break out of the bounds of low-earth orbit.
Nowadays, there are many countries spend a large mountain of money in the outer space traveling . Recently, there are some people think governments should spend as much money as possible exploring outer space, whoever, some people think governmens should spend those money on our basic needs on earth. I strongly agree with this opinion . because our planet need more attention to its environment peblems, and many people still straving to death in many parts in our world.
First of all. Our planet need more researches to solve the environment problems. For example, the air pollution increasing day after day on the earth which cause the whole in the ozone layer. This pollution decays from the badly consumtion of the human being. I think this problem deserve more care and attention from the governments instead of spend money in outer space traveling they should offer a constant badget to fund such these researches because the outcomes of them will benefit all the human kind and helping to prevent problems in the future.
Secondly, governments should spend much money to support and help the people who starving to death in many areas in our plants. Because. the progress in our life could not stop or prevent the poverty and the hunger all over the world. For instance, we can see and read in many media resources about the hunger in different areas . the question now is; who could the governments help those people . I think the answer is very simple. By spending more money in supporting the hunger people with food, and helping them to find their food resources. It interested to travel exploring outré space, but just in case we can find a solution to our planets problems especially the hanger issue. Because , it is not make any sense spending pillions of money in such these tripe and try to find another places in the universe ,and the people in the earth can find the enough food to live in.
Finally, I think governments should spend a large mount og money in environment researches and apply the results of them to make benefits to the human kind. Also, the governments should spend more money in helping the hunger people in different places in the world. In case we can find a solution to our planet's problem we can think about discovering the outer places and arrange the traveling to their.


Nowadays, there are many countries spending huge money in space travel. The concept of travelling through space has fascinated people for centuries. Despite numerous setbacks and daunting expenditures, travelling in the outer space has never failed to attract people's attention and provoke controversy. I strongly agree that our planet needs more attention to its environmental problems and poverty as many people still starving to death in many parts of our world.
Undoubtedly, global warming is seriously a raising alarm for environmental problems. Pollution, on the other hand, is causing draconian effects on people’s health. Governments should realize how detrimental these issues are and take necessary precautions before it is too late. It needs diligent planning, extensive force and money to address these issues.
In addition to this, poverty is also a major concern in many countries where people still don’t have enough food and die of starvation. It’s daunting to see that majority of the population are living in poverty and the debility of the governments to address it due to insufficient funds.
In conclusion, it’s undeniable that travelling space gives us valuable knowledge and pleasure, but we have many issues to address first in-house. So, if we utilize the money that we are currently allocating today for space travel and research to address the above problems, then it is possible we can see a pollution and poverty free world.


30. “In a war of ideas, it is people who get killed”. Does a common man suffer from a group’s ideology? Express your opinion, and support the same with reasons and examples.

 Throughout history, the thinking of a group of people is impacting the lives of thousands of civilians. Whether it is considered on a political or social level, a set of decisions of a group explains how a society should work.  It is completely agreed that in the conflict of interest between different countries or different groups within same country, it is the innocent people who sacrifice their lives. It can be seen from the incidents of World War II and September 11 attacks in United States of America.
            First of all, during World War II, a group of countries namely US, UK and China united and attacked Japan with explosive atomic bombs destroying the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing more than one lakh civilians. This is a clear example of the decision laid by a few countries against Japan to surrender to its Allies. Though, these countries achieved victory in their mission but Japanese people are still suffering from the radioactive radiation effect which resulted in blindness and mental disorders. Thus, we can say that political ideologies of a group can drastically harm society.
             In addition, September 11 attacks on US by a group of 19 militants, associated with Islamic extremist group, hijacked four airplanes and killed around 3,000 people by colliding airplanes into symbolic US landmark. This example clearly shows how the decision and planning of these terrorist activists took lives of thousands of innocent people.
            Looking at the above examples, we can say that it is common man who is suffering from the social, economical and political interests of a few people.  It is hoped that in future, the major decisions concerning every citizen or the civilians of another country, would be taken considering its consequences.


Throughout history, the thinking of a group of people is impacting the lives of thousands of civilians. Whether it is considered on a political or social level, a set of decisions of a group explains how a society should work.  It is completely agreed that in the conflict of interest between different countries or different groups within same country, it is the innocent people who sacrifice their lives. It can be seen from the incidents of World War II and September 11 attacks in United States of America.
            First of all, during World War II, a group of countries namely US, UK and China united and attacked Japan with explosive atomic bombs destroying the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki, killing more than one lakh civilians. This is a clear example of the decision laid by a few countries against Japan to surrender to its Allies. Though, these countries achieved victory in their mission but Japanese people are still suffering from the radioactive radiation effect which resulted in blindness and mental disorders. Thus, we can say that political ideologies of a group can drastically harm society.
            In addition, September 11 attacks on US by a group of 19 militants, associated with Islamic extremist group, hijacked four airplanes and killed around 3,000 people by colliding airplanes into symbolic US landmark. This example clearly shows how the decision and planning of these terrorist activists took lives of thousands of innocent people.
            Looking at the above examples, we can say that it is common man who is suffering from the social, economical and political interests of a few people.  It is hoped that in future, the major decisions concerning every citizen or the civilians of another country, would be taken considering its consequences.


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