Reading Exercise

I.          Read the following text and choose one of the most appropriate words given within each box:

The (0) .x.. of Phobia Awareness Week is to highlight the difficulties that many people face in everyday situations. It is important to (1) ………….... between a fear and a phobia. It's (2) ………….... usual for all of us to have our own peculiar fears, for example being anxious around snakes or nervous about flying. However, only a very small proportion of us actually have a phobia of these things. When these fears begin to (3) …………... you embarrassment or you feel that your life is being disrupted then you would be wise to seek treatment for what could potentially be a phobia. By far the most (4)…………..phobia and potentially the most disruptive is agoraphobia. The word derives from Greek and(5) ……………..means 'fear of the marketplace' but we apply it today to describe a distressing condition in which people (6) ………………. going outside because of the awful feelings of anxiety that arise. Treatment of phobias usually consists of the patient (7) ……………..behavioral therapy during which they gradually get used to being near the object or the situation that causes them fear. Drugs may be prescribed to treat anxiety and many people opt for alternative therapy such as acupuncture or hypnosis to help them come to (8) ………………... with their fear and conquer it.

Gap 1: Choose, Distinguish, Select, Pick

Gap 2: Very, Absolutely, Quite, Truly

Gap 3: Cause, make, create, give

Gap 4: Standard, average, normal, common

Gap 5: Precisely, specifically, Literally, exactly

Gap 6: Dodge, Avoid, Miss, Slip

Gap 7: Undergoing, Taking, Experiencing, Doing

Gap 8: Acceptance, Terms, Realization, Comfort

II.        Read the following text and choose one of the most appropriate words given within each box:

A recent (0) ....x........... of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of experts in the (1)...................... of second language acquisition. Their advice may prove invaluable for those (2) .....................a language course. One suggestion is that you assess whether you are likely to be successful at learning a language. Did you enjoy studying languages at school, for example? Do you have enough time to learn a language? The major cost will be your own time and effort.

If proof of your level of proficiency is important you must make sure that the course on offer leads to a (3) ……........qualification. Also, be realistic in your goals. If you don't set achievable aims you are more likely to give up. Do not be deceived (4) ......................thinking that the most expensive courses are the best. (5) ......................around to get the best possible value for money. You should also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a language the more quickly you forget it. Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to teach herself German by enrolling on a (6) .....................course. Already fluent in four languages and with a sound knowledge of teaching methodology her chances of maling progress were high. Three years (7) ...................she remembers very little. She feels her biggest mistake was not to follow (8) .........................her first experience. "I should have consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to study, even if it were by myself."

Gap 1: domain, branch, field, area

Gap 2: wondering, thinking, looking, considering

Gap 3: recognized, understood, valued, regarded

Gap 4: by, about, into, in

Gap 5: Nose, push, run, shop

Gap 6: rapid, crash, quick, fast

Gap 7: on, forward, from, onward

Gap 8: up, on, through, out

III.       Read the following text and choose one of the most appropriate words given within each box:

Bad posture normally starts in our teenage years when we slouch around with our (0)........x............. trying to look cool. But hands up those who now while away their days sitting in front of a computer where it’s (1) ........................ too easy to neglect something as essential as good posture?

As we grow older these poor (2) ........................... are exacerbated, but by taking action immediately we can not only look and feel better but protect our body for the future. Make sure you sleep on a firm mattress at night. (3) …….............. lying flat on your back; instead try sleeping in a curled position on your side. The (4) .........................revival in platform shoes doesn’t help and wearing shoes with heels more than several centimeters high is just asking for (5) ....................... . Don’t load everything into a bag that you wear on one shoulder or you’ll end up lopsided. (6) ..................... the weight evenly by wearing a rucksack or even a bag around your waist. When you get home from a day’s studying or work it’s all too (7) ......................... to slump on the sofa in front of the tally. Sitting in this way may feel comfortable but it prevents you from breathing properly. Try to sit (8)....................with the stomach pulled firmly in.

Gap 1: so, really, all, rather

Gap 2: customs, habits, rituals, practices

Gap 3: Evade, Prevent, Avoid, Restrain

Gap 4: Existing, Topical, Contemporary, Current

Gap 5: Concern, problem, trouble, fuss

Gap 6: Share, circulate, disseminate, distribute

Gap 7: enticing, attractive, irresistible, tempting

Gap 8: level, erect, vertical, upright

Answers:                                                                                                                                           Exercise I

1. Distinguish 2.Quite 3.Cause 4.Common 5.Literally 6.Avoid 7.Undergoing8.Terms

Exercise I

1.Field2.Considering3.Recognized4.Into5.Shop6.Crash7.On8.Up

Exercise III

1.All 2.Habits3.Avoid4.Current5.Trouble6.Distribute7.Tempting8.Upright

Q.N.4. Read the text carefully and then choose the best word to put into each gap from the selection on the right.

Until about 250 years ago, households did not take dirt as ..(1)…………. as they do now - it was a fact of life, and that was that. Cleaning often consisted of an annual ..(2)...…………. called 'spring cleaning' when the furniture was moved aside, and all the linen products in the house were cleaned. Carpets and rugs were taken outside, hung on ropes and had the dust ..(3).. ………. out of them - an exhausting and messy process.
The industrial revolution brought about a major change - as new ..(4)..………. became available to make homes cleaner, a corresponding interest in '..(5)..………. hygiene' appeared in households. This in turn led to the ..(6).……….. of further products, one of which was the vacuum cleaner.
..(7).. ………. has it that when one of the first vacuum cleaners was demonstrated, a kindly scientist took the proud inventor..(8).. , ………. and offered a bit of advice that was to become ..(9).. ………. to the future evolution of the product - 'make it suck, not blow'.
The first vacuum cleaners appeared in the 1860s in the United States. They were operated by hand pumps and were almost as ..(10).. ………. as spring cleaning. It was only when electric motors had become sufficiently ..(11)... ………. to become portable that vacuum cleaners became common household items. Most of today's major ..(12).. ………. - including Electrolux and Hoover - were born in the 1920s.
The household ..(13).. ………. that vacuum cleaners suck up is mostly dead skin cells - humans ..(14).. ………. millions of cells every day. A much smaller proportion comes from dust and soil carried into the house from ..(15)... . ……….

Gap 1: importantly, crucially, considerately, seriously

Gap 2: ritual, result, resolution, scrub

Gap 3: cleaned, taken, beaten, sucked

Gap 4: products, concepts, ideals, developments

Gap 5: house, domestic, homely, internal

Gap 6: fabrication, appearing, recreation, development

Gap 7: story, epic, legend, tale

Gap 8: away, aside, aback, along

Gap 9: standard, crucial, regular, esteemed

Gap 10: laborious, hard, nefarious, straining

Gap 11: scientific, forward, technological, advanced

Gap 12: brands, marks, makes, trademarks

Gap 13: grit, rubbish, refuse, dirt

Gap 14: lose, outgrow, omit, shed

Gap 15: external, outside, beyond, indoors

Q. N. 9. Below is a text with blanks. Select the appropriate answers choice for each answer: Government has been funding a loans ……………A……………for students in Higher Education since September 1990.These loans are available as a ‘top up’ to the standard grant. Although the loan is intended to supplement the …………B…………for living costs, eligibility for a student loan is not restricted to those who receive a maintenance grant. The decision whether or not to take the loan is yours.                                                            Eligibility:                                                                                                                                                                      You are  …………C……….for a student loan if you are a UK ……………D………….and are attending a full time Higher Education Course, below postgraduate level, or a postgraduate Certificate in Education course, provided you start your course before your 50^th birthday. Full-time courses last at least one academic year and ................E............ courses which combine time at college with time spent in a workplace.

A. plan, scheme, idea

B. money, area, funding, fun

C. legible, qualified, allowed, run

D. resident, job holders, visitors, course

E. sandwich, Michael, Bench, people

Answer: A.Scheme B. funding C. qualified D.resident E. sandwich

Q.N.10.      Below is a text with blanks. Select the appropriate answers choice for each answer:    

      Typically, children do not end up on the street due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of…………A…………funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence. The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventures play and money. However, it is also a place where some children are …………B…………, with little or no protections, to exploitative employment, urban, crime, and abuse.

Children who work on the streets are generally ………C………..in unskilled labor-intensive tasks which ………D…….. long hours, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal trading. Some may also earn income through begging or through theft and other illegal activities. At the same time, there are street children who take pride in …………E………. themselves and their families and who often enjoy their work. Many Children may choose entrepreneurship because it allows them a degree of independence, is less exploitative than many forms of paid employment, and is flexible enough to allow them to participate in other activities such as education and domestic tasks        

A.    Adequately, good, well, never

B.     Demonstrate, exposed, saw, driving

C.     Work, engage, involved, use

D.    Ask, require, manage, make

E.     Supporting, interrupting, develop, cover                                                  

A.    Adequately B.exposed C.Involved D. require E. supporting

Q.N.1. Fill in the blanks choosing one of the correct alternatives:                                            

However the ……A………. of men and women with heart attacks rises Dramatically between 45 and 64, with over half a million per year. Over 420,000 men a year in this age group have heart attacks. The incidence amongst women increases - women have one heart attack for every three men in this age group.

 Over the age of 65, the number of men suffering heart attacks only increases slightly. However there is a … … B……. increase in the number of women with heart attacks - they ……C………over 40% of all victims.

In conclusion, men are more … …D…….. to be the victims of heart attacks at all ages, but women are increasingly likely over the age of 65.

A) Quantity, proportion, ratio, level

B) Huge, vast, colossal, titanic     

C) Contain, comprises, consist, have   

D) Likely, better, good 

A. proportion B. colossal C. comprise D. Likely

Q.N.2. Fill in the blanks choosing one of the correct alternatives:     
                                       

The issue whether wealthy nations should be required to share their wealth among the poorer nations, in terms of food and education is a … ………A…………one. In my opinion, to a certain extent, the …… …B………….nations should extend all possible help and not remain …… ……C………. food and education only.

 Firstly, it is in the best interest of the wealthy nations to help and ………..D……. education so that conflicts of interest may be avoided. This spread of knowledge and social responsibility will also help the wealthy nations to leave an imprint of their ………E……

Secondly, when wealthy nations engage in helping the poorer ones, it also helps generate employment in the form of people who are  .………F………… for such purposes. This helps in the reduction of crimes to a great extent. After all, most of the crimes are committed on empty stomachs.

A)    Controversial, hot, burning ,

B)    Wealth  , well-off , autocratic

C)    Increase, limited, declared

D)    Encourage, promote, implement  

E)     House, helpline , responsibilities

F)     deployed , employed , reported

A.    Controversial B.well-off C.limited D. E

Q.N.1. Fill in the blanks choosing one of the most suitable words given in the box:

Humans are ………………..smart among all the other species on the planet.  We are capable of ……………..feats of technology and engineering.  Then why are we so……………. to making mistakes?  And why do we tend to make the same ones time and time again?  When Primate Psychologist Laurie Santos from the Comparative Cognition Lab at Yale University………………. this question to her team, they were thinking in particular of the errors of judgment which led to the recent collapse of the ………………………l markets.   Santos came to two possible answers to this question.  Either human have designed environments which are too complex for us to fully understand, or we are biologically prone to making bad decisions. 

                                                                                     

prone, financial, posed, outstanding, uniquely, performance, educational

Q.N.2. Fill in the blanks choosing one of the most suitable words given in the box:

The implications of this ………………….. are that because monkeys make the same irrational judgments that humans do, maybe human error is not a result of the …………………… of our financial institutions, but is……………….our evolutionary history.  If this is the case, our errors of judgment will be very difficult to overcome. On a more optimistic note however, humans are fully capable of ………………. limitations once we have identified them. By …………….. them, we can design technologies which will help us to make better choices in future.

 Imbedded, complexity, overcoming, experiment, rewarding, generous, recognizing

Q.N.3. Fill in the blanks choosing one of the most suitable words given in the box:

In order to test these ……………, the team selected a ………………. of Brown Capuchin monkeys.  Monkeys were …………………..for the test because, as distant relatives of humans, they are intelligent and have the capacity to learn.  However, they are not …………………… by any of the technological or cultural environments which affect human decision-making.  The team wanted to test whether the capuchin monkeys, when put into similar ……………………… as humans, would make the same mistakes.

Situations, theories, group, influenced, selected, related, common

Q.N.1. Reading: In the text below some words are missing. Put words from the box in the appropriate places in the text:

The cutting-edge science is………………..alarm bells. Avian flu virus picked up by pigs can swap genetic materials with another flu virus already in the pig and become a new, hitherto ………………..flu virus for which no person, no ……………………… has preexisting immunity. The kind of virus causes a pandemic because it spreads from ………………..to human.

Unknown, ringing, passing, person, human, animal

Q.N.2. Reading: In the text below some words are missing. Put words from the box in the appropriate places in the text:

Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it ………………….and differs from American or British English. Canadian English has a great deal in common with the English spoken in the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British. Many American visitors to Canada think the Canadians …………… sounds British-for example, they notice the British ‘tap’ and ‘braces’ instead of the American ‘faucet’ and ‘suspenders’. On the other hand, many British people identify a Canadian accent as American, and British visitors …………………. the Canadians have ………………. Americanized saying ‘gas’ and ‘truck’ for ‘petrol’ and ‘lorry’

Vocabulary, differs, resembles, words, become, think     

Q.N.3. Reading: In the text below some words are missing. Put words from the box in the appropriate places in the text:

   ………1……… it is the responsibility of the donor to ………2……. monitoring and evaluation of the project, it usually seeks the plan from the implementing NGO about it. Monitoring and evaluation enables constant check on the activities and helps review the progress made at every step. Monitoring should be the integral part of project implementation; in fact, there should be an …………3………. mechanism to monitor the results, risks, assumptions and performance regularly through …………4……… and submission reports. The Management Information Systems (MIS) is often used as a mechanism to undertake monitoring. The baseline information is critical to the monitoring process.

Because, international, carry out, meetings, internal, although,

1.Because 2.carryout 3. Internal 4.meetings

Q.N.1. Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct responses. Only one response is correct.

Every day millions of lights and computers are left on in the deserted offices, apartments and houses. Environment al activists say that simply switching them off could cut Sydney’s greenhouse gas emissions by five percent over the next year.                                                                           

Per capita, Australia is one of the world’s largest producers of carbon dioxide and other gases that many scientists believe are helping to warm the Earth’s atmosphere, causing climate upset.

A long-standing drought and serious water shortages in Australia have focused much attention on climate change. Some experts warn higher temperatures could have this nation of 20 million people at the mercy of more severe droughts and devastating tropical cyclones.

A)    One present indicator of climate change in Australia is…………………………………….     

I) environmental activists

II) gas emission

III) carbon dioxide

IV) drought

                                                   

Q.N.2. In the text below some words are missing. Put words from the box in the appropriate places in the text:

The New Year is the most important holiday in Japan, and is a symbol of renewal. In December, various Bonenkaior “forget-the-year…………………… ” are held to bid farewell to the problems and………………………of the past year and for a new beginning. Misunderstandings and grudges are forgiven……………………and houses are scrubbed. At midnight on December 31st, Buddhist………………………strike their gongs 108 times, in an effort to ………………………108 types of human weakness.

Augment, parties, foresee, expel, prepare, concerns, temples, areas

,,Concerns, temples, , expel

Q.N.3. In the text below some words are missing. Use words from the box to complete the text:

 Fill in the blanks item requires a…………………. correct answer for each blank. This item

………………..your ability to use context and grammatical cues to identify words that complete a reading text. This item type has a reading text with …………………to five blanks in it. Below the reading text, there is a box which…………………. six to eight words. There are three more words in the box than the number of blanks so you do not have to……………….. all the words. The reading texts for this item type are up to 80 words in length.

Complete, three, use, single, question, tests, practices, contains

Complete, tests, three, contains, use

Q.N.4. In the text below some words are missing. Use words from the box to complete the text:

 Fill in the blanks item is a ………………….reading item type. It requires a single correct answer for each blank. This item tests your ability to use contextual and grammatical cues to……………………………..words that complete a reading text. It assesses reading and …………………skills. This item type has a reading text with up to six blanks in it. Each blank has up to five…………………answer .The reading texts for this item type are up to 300 words in length.

Complete, answer, identify, multiple-choice, speaking, chooses, gap, choices, writing

,,choose,,writing complete,

Q.N.1. Fill in the blanks choosing one of the most appropriate words from the given in the box:

The woman might have been ………………. in how my industry source, who had called sugar, fat, and salt the three points of the compass, described her entree. Deep-frying the tortilla drives down its ………………… content from 40 percent to about 5 percent and ……………… the rest with fat. "The tortilla is really going to …………………. a lot of fat," he said. "It looks like an egg roll is supposed to look, which is crispy and brown on the outside."

Recalls, water, rewarded, replaces, absorb, notice, interested

Q.N.2. Fill in the blanks choosing one of the most appropriate words from the given in the box:

What I didn't ………1…….. was that following these paths would be more complex than I had ever …………2………... The complexity arose, at least in part, from the sheer magnitude of the task. In retrospect, I should have ………3…….. that racing the ………4…….. route of any single food item was about as realistic as following the route of a glass of water after it's been poured into a stream. Eventually, I realized that the only way to ……………5………… this difficulty was to ………6……….. the stream itself rather than what was floating in it: to follow "potatoes" rather than "this bag of potatoes."

Called, think, known, concise, precise, follow, surmount, realize, imagined

1.      think  2. Imagined  3. known 4.precise  5.surmount 6.follow

Q.N.1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given below:

Three-fourths of the surface of our planet is covered by the sea, which both step parents and unites the various races of ………1…. ……. The sea is the great highway along which man may journey at his will, the great road that has no walls or ………2…. ……. hemming it in good reaper with the aid of pickaxes and barrels of tar and steamrollers. The sea …………3. ……. to man love of the …………4. ……. and the unknown, to his of conquest, his love of knowledge, and his love of gold. Its green, and grey, and blue, and purple waters call to him and bid him fare forth in ………5…. ……. of free fields. Beyond their horizons he has found danger and death, glory and gain In some  great continents such as America and Australia there are towns and village many thousands of miles from the coast, whose children have never seen or heard – or felt – the means the sea. But in the British Isles it is nowhere much more than a hundred miles from the most inland spot. The love of the sea is in the very blood of the brutish people.

quest, perilous, appeals, hedges, mankind

1.mankind 2.hedges 3.appeals 4.quest 5.perilous

Q.N.2. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given below:

In an effort to ………1……. the largest, fastest and most ……2……. ship afloat, the British built the S.S. Titanic. It was so superior to anything else on the seas that it was ………3…... ‘unsinkable’. So sure of this were the owners that they provided only twenty lifeboats and rafts, less than one half the number needed for the 2227 passengers on board.

Many passengers were boarded the night it rammed an iceberg, only two days at sea and more than halfway between England and its New York ………4……... Because the luxury liner was travelling so fast, it was impossible to avoid the ghostly looking iceberg. An extinguished fire also contributed to the ship’s submersion panic………5……….the number of casualties as people jumped into the icy water or fought to be among the few to board the lifeboats. Four hours after the…………6..,………… another ship, the Car Parthia, ……7……..the 705 survivors.

Destination, increased, dubbed, produce, rescued, mishap, luxurious

1. produce 2. Luxurious 3.dubbed 4.destination 5.increases 6. Mishap 7. Rescued

Q.N.3. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given below:

Recently we and other researchers have begun a ………1……. study of happiness. During the past one ……2…….., dozens of investigators throughout the year have asked several hundred thousand representatives ………3……… people to reflect on their happiness and ……4…….. with life-or what psychologists call ‘subjective well-being’. In the National Opinion Research Centre at the University of Chicago has ………5…….. a representative sample of roughly 1500 people a year since 1957, the Institute of Social Research at the University of Michigan has ………6……. similar studies on a less regular basis, as has the Gallup Organization. Government-funded efforts have also ……7…… the moods of European countries.

Probed, systematic, surveyed, decade, sampled, satisfaction, carried-out

1. systematic  2. Decade  3. sampled 4. Satisfaction 5.survayed 6. Carried-out  7. probed

Q.N.4. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given below:

It’s …………1………….. in the poultry industry to ………2…….. the beaks of chickens to prevent them pecking each other. Techniques of ‘debeaking’ vary; but in the UK it is performed on chicks when they are a few days old, and usually ………3……. amputating one third of the upper part of the beak with a heated blade. The poultry industry has always ………4…….. that chickens quickly recover, but ………5………..presented at the International Ornithological Congress in New Zealand suggests otherwise. Dr. Michael Gentle, of the Institute of Animal Psychology and Genetics Research in Edinburgh, has shown that chickens can feel ………6……….pain weeks and sometimes even months, after the operation.

Amputate, chronic, evidence, common, involves, assumed

1.common  2.ambutate 3. involves 4. assumed 5. evidence 6. chronic

Q.N.5. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words given below:

One of the seven ……………1……… of the ancient world, the Great Pyramid of Giza was a monument of wisdom and prophecy built as a tomb for Pharaoh Cheops in 2720 B.C. ………2………. its antiquity, certain aspects of its construction make it one of the truly great wonders of the world. The thirteen-acre structure near the Nile River is a solid mass of stone blocks …………3………. with limestone. Inside are a number of …………4…………. passageways and the burial chamber for the Pharaoh. It is the largest single structure in the world. The four sides of the Pyramid are ………5……..…..almost exactly on true north, south, east and west- an …………6………….engineering feat. The …………7……Egyptians were sun worshipers and great astronomers, so computations for the Great Pyramid were based on astronomical observations.

alined, incredible, wonders, covered, hidden, ancient, despite

1. Wonders 2.Despite 3.covered 4.hidden 5.alined 6.incredible

Q. N. 7. Below is a text with blanks. Select the appropriate answers choice for each answer:   

 The Department of Ethnography was …………1………. as a separate department within the British Museum in 1946 after 140 years of …………2……….development from the original Department of Antiquities. It is …………3………….with the people of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the pacific and parts of Europe. While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa and ancient empires such as those of the Americas, the ………4…….focuses of attention. In the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies. Through its collections, the Department’s ………5…………. interest is to document how objects are created and used and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them. Such objects can include the extraordinary and the mundane, the beautiful and the banal.

gradual, specific, created, concerned, primary

1. created 2.gradual 3.concerned 4.primary 5.specific

   Q. N. 8. Below is a text with blanks. Select the appropriate answers choice for each answer:      

Some of the most ………1…………beetles are the dung beetles which spend almost their whole lives eating and breeding in dung. More than 4,000 species of these remarkable creatures have evolved and …………2………… to the world’s different …………3………… and the dung of its many animals. Australia’s native dung beetles are scrub and woodland dwellers, specializing in coarse……………4…………….droppings and avoiding the soft cattle dung in which bush flies and buffalo flies breed.

   marsupial,   adapted, remarkable, climates 

1.remarkable 2. Adapted 3.climates 4. marsupial

                   

                                              

1. The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      More than 4,000 species of these remarkable creatures have evolved and adapted to the world’s different climates and the dung of its many animals.

2.      Some of the most remarkable beetles are the dung beetles which spend almost their whole lives eating and breeding in dung.

3.      Australia’s native dung beetles are scrub and woodland dwellers, specializing in coarse marsupial droppings and avoiding the soft cattle dung in which bush flies and buffalo flies breed.

4.      Between 1968 and 1982, the CSIRO imported insects from about 50 different species of dung beetle from Asia, Europe and Africa, aiming to match them to different climatic zones in Australia.

5.      In the early 1960s George Bornemissza, then a scientist at the Australian Government’s premier research organization, the commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (CSIRO), suggested that dung beetles should be introduced to control dung-breeding flies.

2,1,45,4

2.The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      Bakelite had the distinction of being the first totally synthetic thermosetting.

2.      The term ‘plastic’ comes from the Greek plassein, meaning ‘to mould’. Some plastics are derived from natural sources, some are semi-synthetic (the result of chemical action on a natural substance), and some are entirely synthetic, that is, chemically engineered from the constituents of coal or oil.

3.      Others are ‘thermosetting’: like eggs, they can not revert to their original viscous state, and their shape is thus fixed for ever.

4.      Some are ‘thermoplastic, which means that, like candle wax, they melt when heated and can then be reshaped.

2,4,3,1

3.The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      While this includes complex kingdoms, as in Africa and ancient empires such as those of the Americas, the primary focuses of attention. In the twentieth century has been on small-scale societies.

2.      Through its collections, the Department’s specific interest is to document how objects are created and used and to understand their importance and significance to those who produce them.

3.      The Department of Ethnography was created as a separate department within the British Museum in 1946 after 140 years of gradual development from the original Department of Antiquities.

4.      It is concerned with the people of Africa, the Americas, Asia, the pacific and parts of Europe.

3, 4,1, 2

4. The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      Children who work on the streets are generally involved in unskilled labor-intensive tasks which require long hours, such as shining shoes, carrying goods, guarding or washing cars, and informal trading.

2.      Typically, children do not end up on the street due to a single cause, but to a combination of factors: a dearth of adequately funded schools, the demand for income at home, family breakdown and violence.

3.      The street may be attractive to children as a place to find adventures play and money.

4.      However, it is also a place where some children are exposed, with little or no protections, to exploitative employment, urban, crime, and abuse.

2,1,3,4

5.The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      Within a few years, predicts Wilmut, cloning humans will be a very real possibility. Why would we do it?

2.      There are many reasons: some wonderful, some unquestionably immoral. A woman whose husband and child died in a car accident could replace the child by cloning.

3.      A clone is genetic duplicate of another organism. It’s only natural occurrence in humans is identical twins in which each share the same DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and thus develops physically into nearly identical people.

4.      It has been seriously proposed to clone people to serve as a spare parts depot from which to replace the child by cloning.

3,1,2,4

6.The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      The following year, he was arrested for writing a story about the crown-appointed governor of New York.

2.      While Zenger was imprisoned for nine months, his wife dutifully published the newspaper everyday, bravely telling the truth about the corrupt government officials sent by the king to govern the colonies.

3.      John Peter Zenger emigrated as a teenager from Germany. In 1733, he began publishing the New York Weekly Journal.

3, 1, 2

7. The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      Hughes’ literary work symbolizes the vitality of the Harlem Renaissance, the African-American artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated black life and culture.

2.      Because Hughes wrote prolifically of this era, we know a great deal about it and its artists.

3.      Hughes stayed at Columbia for only a year, meanwhile, he found Harlem, a primarily African-American neighborhood. He soon became a vital member of the Harlem arts scene.

3, 1, 2

8. The paragraphs have been placed in a random order. Restore the original order.

1.      What Dr. Gentle has found is that the pain may be delayed as is the case with human burn victims. The chickens are not in pain initially, but 24 hours later they show clear pain-related behavior.

2.      Chickens have pain receptors in their beaks and so slicing their beaks off with a hot knife must hurt them.

3.      After the beak is amputated, the remaining stump may take two or four weeks to heal. But even then, pain may continue: the damaged nerves still grow and may be abnormally and spontaneously active (believed to be the cause of stump pain in human amputees)

3.

4.      Even two months later, the stump is usually sensitive to touch and temperature changes.

2,1,3,4

Q.N.1. Re-arrange the following paragraphs in the correct order:

1.      However, the project idea faces a considerable challenge when it has to be presented in a framework.

2.      A proposal is a very important document. In some cases, a concept note precedes a proposal, briefing the basic facts of the project idea.

3.      Besides, unless the ideas are not documented in writing, they do not exist. Hence, a proposal facilitates appropriate words for the conception of an idea.

4.      The proposal has a framework that establishes ideas formally for a clear understanding of the project for the donor.

3,4,1,2

Q.N.2. Re-arrange the following paragraphs in the correct order:

1.      It happens this way that the problem we are mentioning in the proposal is not a problem at all, but is actually an effect of another problem.

2.      Sometimes, we may find difficulties in writing the exact problem we intend to address in the proposed project.

3.      It is also necessary to mention the cause of the problem because it is an integral part of the project implementation. In this scenario, the cause of the problem for the prevalence of diarrhea could be the “poor knowledge of the community about proper hygiene and sanitation.”

4.      In this case, it could be the prevalence of diarrhea that is leading to high child mortality. So the problem here is “the prevalence of diarrhea” and not “high child mortality rate

5.      For example, suppose there is high child mortality rate in our project area and we wish to put up a proposal on it, we cannot mention this as a problem because this is an effect of a problem, while the problem is something else.

2, 1, 5, 4, 3

Q.N.3. Re-arrange the following paragraphs in the correct order:

1.      Process indicators define the indicators for a process or an activity like ‘number of women participating in the training on gender development” and Results Indicators refer to the indicators that indicate the result achieved from the implementing the activity like ‘number of women aware about gender rights.”

2.      A Performance Indicator is a measure of the result. It gives a sense of what has been or what is to be achieved.

3.      There are two types of indicators, namely, “Process Indicators” and “Results Indicators.”

4.      For example, the number of households keeps their surroundings clean and hygienic or the number of women participating in training programs.

3,1,2,4

Q.N.5 The text box in the left side has been placed in the random order. Restore the original order from the left side to the right side.

1.      A similar pattern occurred in Canada, where most immigrants were traditionally from England and the United States. 

2.      In the early 19th century, most of the Europeans who immigrated to the United States were from northern and western European countries such as England, Germany, France and Sweden.

3.      After 1890, an interesting number came from Eastern Europe, particularly Russia and Ukraine. Many of these headed for the Prairie Provinces.

4.      However, most of the fifteen million Europeans arriving between 1890 and 1914 from southern and Eastern Europe, with the largest numbers coming from Russia, Italy, Greece, Austria-Hungary and America.

2,3,1,4

Q.N.6. The text box in the left side have been placed in the random order. Restore the original order from the left side to the right side.

1.      Furthermore, research has shown that while every child is born with a natural curiosity, it can be suppressed dramatically during the second and third years of life.

2.      A 13 years study of early childhood development at Harvard University has shown that, by the age of three, most children have the potential to understand about 1000 words-most of the language they use in ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives.

3.      Once over the age of three, children continue to expand on existing knowledge of the world.

4.      Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life and during the first three years children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school.  

2, 4,1,3

Q.N.7.

1.      The Titans could make themselves into any shape, forming mountains and streams, comets and asteroids, thoughts and feelings. They were the first generation of gods and goddesses.

2.      Together Gaea and Uranus had many children. Some of them were monsters, half human and half tree, with one hundred hands. They were called the Hecatoncheires. The others were enormous Cyclopses with one round eye in the middle of their foreheads, and also the Titans.

3.      It is hard to imagine our world as nothing other than air and space, but that’s how it began in Greek mythology. There was nothing. No sky. No earth. No water. No animals. No plants. All was black.

4.      In the midst of this blackness there was an airy kind of disorder, which the Greeks called Chaos. Out of Chaos, over eons of time, the world began to form. Shapes appeared. These became mountains and valleys. The name given to these forms was Gaea, another name for earth, or Earth Mother. From Gaea came Uranus.

3,4,2,1.

Passage 1

As more states ponder imposing restrictions on languages of instruction other than English-as California, Arizona, and Massachusetts have recently done-it is useful to highlight several questions related to the history of language politics and language planning in the United States. Educational language planning is frequently portrayed as an attempt to solve the language problems of the minority. Nevertheless, the historical record indicates that schools have generally failed to meet the needs of language-minority students (Descends, Cuban, & Tyack, 2001) and that the endeavor to plan language behavior by forcing a rapid shift to English has often been a source of language problems that has resulted in the denial of language rights and hindered linguistic access to educational, social, economic, and political benefits even as the promoters of English immersion claim the opposite.

According to the above paragraph, all of the following are potential negatives of rapid English immersion EXCEPT:

1.      It can lead to a denial of language rights for particular groups

2.      Students become more familiar with conversational expressions and dialect

3.      It can prevent access to certain benefits that are always available to fluent speakers

4.      It can promote feelings of alienation among groups that are already in a minority status

Passage 2

Historically, many groups attempted to maintain their native languages even as they learned English, and for a time, some were able to do so with relatively little resistance until a wave of xenophobia swept the country during World War 1 (Kloss, 1977/1998). Other groups, Africans, and Native Americans encountered repressive politics much earlier. During the 1960s, a more tolerant policy climate emerged. However, for the past two decades there has been a steady undertow of resistance to bilingualism and bilingual education. This article provides historical background and analyzes contemporary trends in language-minority education within the context of the recent national push for accountability, which typically takes the form of high-stakes testing.

According to the above paragraph, many groups maintained their native languages without resistance into the 20th century EXCEPT

1.      Native Americans and African Americans

2.      Irish Americans and African Americans

3.      Mexican Americans and Native Americas

4.      Native Americans and Dutch Americans

Q.N.2.

I.          You are going to read three extracts which are concerned in some way with music. For questions 1-6, choose the answer which you think fits best according to the text.

Iford Manor Festival Season

Iford Manor has been described as one of the most stunning concert venues in the West Country.  Throughout high summer, Iford Arts stages an internationally renowned festival in a breathtakingly beautiful pastoral setting. Operatic performances are staged in-the-round in the intimate surroundings of the Italianate Cloister, which could not be more perfect in terms of scale and style. While the classical backdrop could hardly be more fitting, the real delight for our audiences is that, as the sky turns purple overhead, the first stars appear and the first heady notes resound across the countryside, no-one is seated less than twenty feet from the performers. The opportunity for a relaxing pre-show picnic in our tranquil gardens overlooking the meandering River Frome will complete an already magical experience.

Iford Arts, a registered charity promoting the appreciation of performing arts in the west of England, aims to benefit the local community by engaging young professional artists and stimulating young people’s enjoyment of being involved in live performances.  We hope to support young musicians in their career development by encouraging them to develop repertoire and perform to a supportive audience and providing the exquisite environment in which to do so. Iford Arts does not receive any public subsidies, relying on vital private contributions. We offer various levels of private patronage and corporate sponsorship, each providing a range of privileges such as priority booking.

1.         What aspect of Iford Manor is emphasized in the first paragraph?

1.      the Italian-style architecture

2.      the countryside location

3.      the seating arrangements

4.      the quality of the music

2. What is the main purpose in the second paragraph?

1.      To describe the history of the performances

2.      To encourage young musicians to perform at the Manor

3.      To encourage people to donate to the charity

4.      To inform people about how they can be involved in charity work

II.        You are going to read a magazine article about an African film festival. For questions 1-7, choose the answer which you think best fits according to the text.

The Sahara Film Festival

After a bumpy 225km drive from a meagre airstrip in Tindouf, south western Algeria, a sprawling single-story town begins to emerge from the desert’s dust.  As the sun climbs in the cloudless sky, visitors are rewarded with their first glimpse of Dakhla refugee camp.  It isn’t the most obvious setting for a film festival, but for seven years, just before the glitz and glamour of Cannes, the Sahrawi people of Dakhla have hosted actors and film-makers from around the world for this six-day event.  This year, for the first time, direct flights were laid on from London, giving the opportunity for overseas visitors to play a part in this extraordinary occasion.  But despite the energy and excitement, the background to the film festival is a serious one, as the Sahrawi people have been living for thirty years in this isolated desert outpost, having been forced to flee their native Western Sahara.

In the first paragraph, the writer emphasizes:

1.      the enthusiasm that the festival instills

2.      the sensational nature of the festival

3.      the festival’s increasing media attention

4.      the festival’s unlikely location

4

Canadian English is a regional variety of North American English that spans almost the entire continent. Canadian English become a separate variety of North American English after the American Revolution, when thousands of Loyalists, people who had supported the British, left the United States and fled north to Canada. Many Loyalists settled in the southern Ontario in the 1780s, and their speech became the basis for what is called General Canadian, a definition based on the norms of urban middle-class speech.                                                                                          Modern Canadian English is usually defined by the ways in which it resembles and differs from American or British English. Canadian English has a great deal in common with the English spoken in the United States, yet many Americans identify a Canadian accent as British. Many American visitors to Canada think the Canadians vocabulary sounds British-for example, they notice the British ‘tap’ and ‘braces’ instead of the American ‘faucet’ and ‘suspenders’. On the other hand, many British people identify a Canadian accent as American, and British visitors think the Canadians have become Americanized saying ‘gas’ and ‘truck’ for ‘petrol’ and ‘lorry’

Read the above text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.                                                                                                                  The following sentences are true except……………………                                                             

1.      Canadian and American English are two varieties of English

2.      Canadians say ‘gas’ and ‘truck’ for ‘petrol’ and ‘lorry’

3.      There are common feature between Canadian English and American English.

4.      Canadian and Americans have same pronunciation.

4.

Hughes stayed at Columbia for only a year, meanwhile, he found Harlem, a primarily African-American neighborhood. He soon became a vital member of the Harlem arts scene. Hughes’ literary work symbolizes the vitality of the Harlem Renaissance, the African-American artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated black life and culture. Because Hughes wrote prolifically of this era, we know a great deal about it and its artists.

Read the above text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.                                                                                                                  What, according to the above text, is Harlem Renaissance?                                                                                

1.      It is democratic movement

2.      The African-American artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated black life and Culture.

3.      It is political movement

4.      None of the above  

By 2012, half the recoverable materials in Britain’s dustbins will be recycled- that, at least, was the target set last November by Chris Patten, Secretary of State for the Environment. But he gave no clues as to how we should go about achieving it. While recycling enthusiasts debate the relative merits of different collection system, it will largely be new technology, and the opening up of new markets that makes Patten’s target attainable: a recycling scheme is successful only if manufacturers use the recovered materials in new products that people want to buy.

Read the above text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting all the correct responses..                                                                                                

 In the first paragraph, the writer suggests that the Secretary of State for the Environment has…......

1.      created an impossible target

2.      provided a target without a method

3.      given clear details of how to achieve a target

4.      given manufacturers a target to aim for 

Responses to question three concerned the importance of the rainforests. The dominant idea, raised by 64% of the pupils, was that rainforests provide animals with habitats. Fewer students responded that rainforests provide plant habitats, and even fewer mentioned the indigenous populations of rainforests. More girls (70%) than boys (60%) raised the idea of rainforest as animal habitats.

Similarly, but at a lower level, more girls (13%) than boys (5%) said that rainforests provided human habitats. These observations are generally consistent with our previous studies of pupil’s views about the use and conservation of rainforests in which girls were shown to be more sympathetic to animals and expressed views which seem to place an intrinsic value on non-human animal life.                              

Read the above text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting all the correct responses. More than one response is correct.

 What are responses of the children to the question about the importance of the rainforest?

1.      Rainforests are important habitats for a lot of animals.

2.      rainforests are important habitats for a lot of plants

3.      that rainforests are a source of oxygen

4.      rainforests cause rainfall                                              

 A tapeworm consists of numerous segments. When a new segment forms, the older ones move to the back of the animals. Each segment contains hermaphroditic sexual organ (that is, male and female organs). The uterus of each segment fills with eggs which develop into embryos. Generally, when the eggs are ready to hatch, the segment breaks off and is eliminated through the host’s excretory system. These embryos hatch, develop into larvae and grow to adults only if ingested by an intermediate host.

Which of the following are true statements according to the above text?

1.      A tapeworm uterus contains one egg

2.      A tapeworm has many segments.

3.      A male tapeworm must always be ingested before reproduction will occur

4.      The segments break off when the eggs of tapeworms are ready to hatch.

2,4                                                                                                                                             

Like those of ants, termite colonies consist of different classes, each with its own particular jobs. Most perfectly formed termites, both male and female, make up the productive class. They have eyes, hard body walls and fully developed wings. A pair of reproductive termites founds the colony. When new reproductive termites develop, they leave to form another colony. They use their wings only one time and then break them off.                                                                                                The worker termites are small, blind and wingless with soft bodies. They wake-up the majority of the colony and do all the work. Soldiers are eyeless and wingless, but are larger than the workers and have hard heads and strong jaws and legs. They defend the colony and are cared for by the workers. The male and female reproductive class remains inside a closed-in-cell where the female lays thousands of eggs. The workers place the eggs in cells and care for them. Even if one colony is treated with poison if a male and female of the reproductive class escape, they can form a new colony.     
     

How are termites similar to ants?    

1.      Termites and ants are found in different classes.

2.      The king and queen are freed.

3.      There are soldiers and workers in both termites and ants ‘communities.

4.      They live in communities and each class has a specific duty

Q.N.1. Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct. 

Baseball fans love statistics. There is absolutely no doubt about it: baseball is the greatest statistics game there is. Because baseball goes back so far in history, it is embedded in most of the population. Fans really understand a home run, a batting average, and an earned run average- all those basics that have been with baseball throughout its history. The basics have never changed, so people know and love them.                                           
                 

Which one of the following most accurately summarizes the opinion of the author in the text?                    

1.      A Baseball which has some basics statistics game is liked by many people in the world.

2.      People love baseball very much.

3.      A Baseball is played all over the world.

4.      A Baseball is highly appreciated by everyone.

Q.N.2. Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting the correct response. Only one response is correct.                                                                                                                                       

I n the evolutionary timeline, orangutans separated from the ancestors of humans many millions of years ago, and they may have had culture suggests that early primates-including ancestors of humans –might have developed the ability to invent new behaviors, such as tool use, as early as 14 million years ago, approximately 6 million years earlier than once believed.                                                                                    

Which one of the following can support the above text?    

1.      The ancestors of humans learned culture from orangutans.

2.      Orangutans were more advanced than most other early primates.

3.      Primate Culture may be older than scientists used to believe.

4.      Scientists have found orangutan tools that are 6 million years old.                                                                                  

Q.N.3. Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting all correct responses. More than one response is correct.                                                                                                                                                   

An important element of drama is that it is a presentation by performers in front of an audience-for example, a ceremony conducted by civic leaders before members of a community. Another aspect is costumes, such as those worn by tribal chief who impersonate animals or goods. Moreover, drama involves storytelling-recitation of myths or legends lessons through stories-to a group of listeners. Sometimes the storyteller imitates the characters in the story by changing his or her voice for different characters.                                                                                                                                                       

Which of the following statements are true?                                                                                                   

1.      Costume and presentation are the two important features of a drama.

2.      Drama can be performed either in front of the audience or in the absence of the audience.

3.      The story teller, in the drama, always copies the characters.

4.      Story telling is very common in drama.

Q.N.4. Read the text and answer the multiple-choice question by selecting all correct responses. More than one response is correct.                                                                                                                      

Skin cancer is the most prevalent of all cancers. The principal cause of skin cancer is overexposure to sunlight, according to the most medical exports. Chronic sun expose- especially when it causes sunburn or blistering-results in more skin cancer than does any other risk factors, including exposure to x-rays and a family history of the disease. The most effective preventative measure is sun avoidance.                                    

 All of the following are factors that cause skin cancer:                                                                                                

1.      Exposure to the sun light.

2.      The avoidance of the sun light.

3.      Like many other cancers, skin cancer is common.

4.      Family history may be another cause of skin cancer.

  

                                                                                                                                                                              

                                                             WRITING   

Q.N.1. Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.

By 2012, half the recoverable materials in Britain’s dustbins will be recycled- that, at least, was the target set last November by Chris Patten, Secretary of State for the Environment. But he gave no clues as to how we should go about achieving it. While recycling enthusiasts debate the relative merits of different collection system, it will largely be new technology, and the opening up of new markets that makes Patten’s target attainable: a recycling scheme is successful only if manufacturers use the recovered materials in new products that people want to buy.

About half, by weight, of the contents of the typical British dustbin is made up of combustible materials. These materials comprise 33% paper, 7% plastics (a growing proportion), 4% textiles and 8% miscellaneous combustibles.

Q.N. 2. Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.

Langston Hughes (1902-1967), the African- American poet, novelist, columnist, playwright, screenwriter, and essayist, recognized as a great talent at an early age. Teachers and classmates marveled at Hughes’ voice even when Hughes was only a teenager. Hughes’ father, however, encouraged him to pursue a more practical career and agreed to pay his tuition to Columbia University in New York City if Hughes agreed to study engineering.

 Hughes stayed at Columbia for only a year, meanwhile, he found Harlem, a primarily African-American neighborhood. He soon became a vital member of the Harlem arts scene. Hughes’ literary work symbolizes the vitality of the Harlem Renaissance, the African-American artistic movement in the 1920s that celebrated black life and culture. Because Hughes wrote prolifically of this era, we know a great deal about it and its artists.

Q.N. 3. You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words.

 

People think placing advertisements in schools is a great resource for public schools that need additional funding, but others think it exploits children by treating them as a captive audience for corporate sponsors. Choose which position you most agree with and discuss why you chose that position. Support your point of view with details from your own experiences, observations or reading.

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.

A.    Then there is a question of hygiene. How well cooked is the food at the restaurant? Have they been washed properly before cooking? If food is eaten at home, you are sure that it will be cleaned and washed properly because hygiene, to you, is the most important thing.

B.     Even if some people think of cooking as a hassle nowadays, with microwave, oven and other different kitchen gadgets, cooking can be done with no problem at all.

C.     Last but not the least; it's very cheap when you eat at home. A person might not be able to afford Chinese 30 days a month, and 12 months a year.

D.    So based on all the above mentioned point, I think it is better to eat at home

Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Type your response in the box at the bottom of the screen. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage

Secondly, it is impossible to make a career if one is indolent and lacking knowledge, at least in developed countries. Luck plays no role in achieving this success. Even if someone was unbelievably lucky enough to become a manager not being qualified enough, he will be asked to resign in the near future because of his inability due to lack of knowledge and experience to make right decisions. For instance, I used to work for a very small company owned by a friend. This company was later closed because of bankruptcy. The cause of bankruptcy was wrong strategies and decisions made by the owner. After the failure, he went to a university and worked for another company so that he could obtain experience and become a successful businessman. Nowadays, he considers himself a successful person because he had turned into reality his two biggest dreams of producing consumer goods of high quality and making charitable donations to needy people.

You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200-300 words.

Schools should ask students to evaluate their teachers. Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer.

Reading Text 1

In 1979, when the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had finally been eradicated, few, if any people recollected the efforts of an eighteenth-century English aristocrat to combat the then-fatal diseases. As a young woman, Lady Mary Wortley Montagu had suffered severely from smallpox. In Turkey, she observed the Eastern custom of inoculating people with a mild form of the pox, thereby immunizing them, a practice she later championed in England. The Turks, she wrote home, even held house parties during which inoculated youngsters played together happily until they came down with the pox, after which they convalesced together.

According to the 1^st text, Mary’s efforts to combat smallpox in England came about………………………..

1.      as a consequence of her travel in the East

2.      as a direct result of her childhood exposure to the disease

3.      as part of a World Health Organization campaign against the epidemic

4.      in response to the migration of Turks to England

Reading Text 2

When you sit in your local hall enjoying the film that is being flashed on the screen in front of you, do you ever think of how films are made? Hundreds, perhaps, thousand, of people may have spent a year or even longer working very hard to produce a film which involving large sums of money and occupying many hundreds of skilful technicians as well as actors and actresses. What happens when a film company decides to sheet a film? There must, of course, be a story. This may be based on a novel or a play, or it may be specially written for the film. From the story, whatever it is, a shooting script has to be photographed or shot, the way the actors are to speak and move, the position of the cameras for each and so on. Then the producer and a director are appointed. The producer engages the actors and actresses, decides which scenes are to be taken in the studio and which outside or on Location and makes all the preliminary preparation. The director is the man who tells the actors what to , do and shows them how to act each scene. It is his job to interpret the script and translate the author words and introduction into a series living scenes.

Which one of the following sentences is true:

I)                   Cinema making takes big amount of money

II)                The producer and the director have the same nature jobs

III)             The producer directs in the movie

IV)             The movie will be flashed the audience’s faces

Reading Text 3

The First Amendment to the American Constitution declares freedom of the press to all people. Although this right was not officially adopted until 1791, the famous Zenger trial of 1735 laid the groundwork for insuring this precious freedom.

John Peter Zenger emigrated as a teenager from Germany. In 1733, he began publishing the New York Weekly Journal. The following year, he was arrested for writing a story about the crown-appointed governor of New York. While Zenger was imprisoned for nine months, his wife dutifully published the newspaper everyday, bravely telling the truth about the corrupt government officials sent by the king to govern the colonies.

Finally, Zenger’s long-waited trial took place. The hostile judge dismissed Zenger’s local layers, making it necessary for his wife to seek out Andrew Hamilton, a prominent Philadelphia layer. Persuaded by Hamilton, the jury bravely returned a not-guilty verdict, defying the judge’s orders for a conviction.

As a result of determination and bravery on the part of the colonists, a lasting victory for freedom of the press was gained by a young immigrant

All of the followings are true except……………………………………….

I)                   despite Zenger’s imprisonment, his newspaper continued to be published

II)                Andrew Hamilton encouraged the jury to fight for freedom

III)             the king controlled the colonies through its own appointed rulers

IV)             the jury obeyed the judge’s orders and convicted Zenger

Reading Text 4

A bizarre experiment in the United States has demonstrated that psychiatrists can not distinguish effectively between people who are mentally disturbed and those who are sane.

According to its originators, the experiment demonstrates the fallibility of conventional psychiatric diagnosis. It also lends considerable support to the position taken by radical psychiatric like R.D. Laing, who argue that diagnosis of mental disease are often no more than convenient labels designed to make life easier for doctors.

Eight perfectly normal people, by shamming systems of a mild kind, successfully gained admission to psychiatric wards where they remained undetected for a long as they could stand it. Once admitted, their behavior was normal in every ways, but doctors and nurses continued to treat them as disturbed.

In every case, but one the diagnosis was schizophrenia. Once they were labeled as mentally ill, everything the ‘pseudo-patients’ did tended to confirm the diagnosis in the eyes of the medical staff, through other patients in the hospital were much less easy to convince.

I)    According to the above text, psychiatrists like R.D. Laing think………………………

1.      that nobody is really mad

2.      that diagnosis of mental illness are not just convenient labels

3.      that doctors say patients are mentally ill in order to make things more convenient for the patients

II)        The following statements are true except………………………………………………

1.      A bizarre experiment was done in the United States

2.      The bizarre experiment was all about the psychiatrists who fail to distinguish between sane and mentally disturbed           

3.      R.D. Laing was a psychiatrist

4.      Eight mentally disturbed patients were taken into the ward for the experiment

##################################################################################

TRY IT AND SEE
In the social sciences, it is often supposed that there can be no such thing as a controlled experiment.

Q.N.5. Read the passage below and summarize it using one sentence. Write your response in the box at the bottom of the page. You have 10 minutes to finish this task. Your response will be judged on the quality of your writing and on how well your response presents the key points in the passage.

For millions of years, Mediterranean Sea turtles have been coming to the shore of southern Lebanon to lay their eggs. Every summer, their babies hatch and literally run for their lives on the strip of sand that separates their nests from the sea. An endangered species, they had been largely ignored in this part of Lebanon until two women set out to protect them.

Mona Khalil was inspired by a walk on the beach during a visit to her homeland, when she first saw the turtles. Upon learning that they were close to disappearing from her country, Khalil decided to "come back and do something about them."

The next year, 2000, she returned and teamed up with Habiba Fayed, who shares her passion for the environment. They opened a bed-and-breakfast in the Khalil family home to finance their efforts. Guests could simply vacation or, in the spirit of ecotourism, they could help the owners protect the turtles' nests and keep the beach clean.

Female turtles travel to the exact spot where they were born to dig their nests in the sand, laying an average of 70 to 100 eggs. This is the moment when the women intervene. They protect the nests from predators by burying an iron grid in the sand above the eggs. The spaces on the grid are large enough to allow the baby turtles to emerge after a month and find their way to the sea…and to a chance at life.

Q.N.6. You will have 20 minutes to plan, write and revise an essay about the topic below. Your response will be judged on how well you develop a position, organize your ideas, present supporting details, and control the elements of standard written English. You should write 200–300 words.

Some people believe that exploring outer space is important. Other people believe that space exploration is a waste of money. Choose which position you most agree with and discuss why you chose that position. Support your point of view with details from your own experiences, observations or reading.

Q.N.1. Asthma, lung cancer, cardiovascular disease, allergies and many other human health problems have been linked to poor air quality. In the environment, decreased species biodiversity and vegetation productivity have been found.

Air pollution can also have a significant impact on our economy. It can cost a lot to change what we buy, what we use, and how it is produced in order to prevent air pollution. Economic costs are also found in fixing the damage caused by poor air pollution, including health and environmental problems.

Q.N.2. Twitter is so trendy. The microblogging service has spawned a vocabulary all its own, with words such a tweople (Twitter-speak for people), twirting (flirting) and tweeps (friends) showing up in tweets (posts, which must be under 140 characters).
There’s also twitterhea – the unstoppable urge to tweet.
The lingo makes Twitter users feel like they’re part of a community, says assistant professor Jennifer Clary-Lemon of the University of Winnipeg.

Q.N.3. Most jobs we consider “good” are those that fulfill our basic “lower-level” needs of security, food, clothing, shelter, income, and productive work. But even when our basic needs are met and our jobs are secure and productive, we as individuals are constantly changing. As we change, the demands and expectations we place on our jobs may change. Fortunately, some jobs grow and change with us, and this explains why some people are happy throughout many years in a job.

Q.N.4. Are some environments particularly conducive to stimulate leadership? The answer is yes. People are the product of their environments. Influences encountered at a young age are extremely significant.

There seems to be a strong link between parental influence and leadership identity. Parents who value and demonstrate leadership provide a head start: leadership is discussed, encouraged and part of the family culture.

Q.N.5. Green-collar jobs are in the growing industries that are helping us kick the oil habit, curb greenhouse-gas emissions, eliminate toxins, and protect natural systems. Today, green-collar workers are installing solar panels, retrofitting buildings to make them more efficient, refining waste oil into biodiesel, erecting wind farms, repairing hybrid cars, building green rooftops, planting trees, constructing transit lines, and so much more. California has shown that a state can still grow its economy while reducing the rise in greenhouse-gas emissions. The nation can do the same thing.

Q.N.6. Health care in the United States and Canada is currently undergoing great change. The volatility and growth of the health-care industry make it a perfect time for you as a business graduate to enter the field. Because it is a specialized and technical field, you may not have considered it. One of the goals of this book is to give you strategies to transform your credentials from a general business degree to specific marketable talents and techniques. Getting in on the ground floor of health care will accomplish that.

Moreover, health care’s changing climate will provide more opportunities than other paths in this book for job advancement, because as the industry shifts, realigns, consolidates, expands, and contracts, you will be given increased responsibility and opportunities to ride that growth while at the same time enhancing your own career.

Q.N.7. He has a backpack and he is walking across campus; therefore, he must be a student. We reason from sign every day, but we may not be correct in doing so: The guy with the backpack turns out to be an unemployed mechanic looking for a warm building for refuge. The best way to reason from sign is to reason from multiple signs. Multiple signs ordinarily lead to a better conclusion. So, if he looks like a student, acts like a student, walks across campus like a student, and appears to know others on campus, the chances are better that he is a student. In reasoning from sign, you need a sufficient number of reliable signs that do not contradict and are not accidental or coincidental.

Q.N.8. Imagine you are at a party. During the evening you form impressions about the people around you. Jonte seems relaxed and even-tempered, Nicole tense and irritable. Kyndra seems open and straightforward, Bekah hostile and evasive. Amin seems happy to see you; Seth definitely is not.
How do you reach these conclusions? To a surprising extent, you reach them not on the basis of what people say with words, but because of what they say with their posture, gestures, eyes, and facial expressions. Suppose you are sitting next to Amin, and he says, “This is a great party. I’m really glad to be here with you.” However, his body is turned slightly away from you, and he keeps looking at someone across the room. Despite what he says, you know he is not glad to be there with you.

Q.N.9. Many of our environmental practices as adults are influenced by our kids.  Take recycling for example -- children are quick to remind their parents that the empty pop bottle should not be tossed into the garbage can.
They have an important role to play in the sustaining and bettering the environmental movement.  For this reason, environmental education is an important part of classroom learning. 

Q.N.9. One of the problems with using the Internet for information is that this medium is unregulated. The information may be biased, or just plain wrong, because no authority monitors the content of the sites. How do you determine what information is accurate and credible? Ultimately, you will have to make that decision. Ask yourself whether someone would have a reason to present biased information. If at all possible, verify the information through other sources, such as newspaper or magazine articles. If the source is a scholarly article, check for a list of references, and if a list of references is provided, try to determine whether the list is credible by verifying some of the sources. Finally, credible sources often provide the credentials of the individual(s) who wrote the article. If no source is provided, be cautious. Moreover, Web sources should be evaluated like any other source.

Q.N.1.

US publication Rolling Stone magazine is launch in China. The magazine, should hit shelves early next year, will focus on China's emerging youth culture as well foreign arts and entertainment. Rolling Stone first published in San Francisco in 1967 to chronicle cultural changes in the US. "We feel Chinese music and arts maturing rapidly and that a Chinese edition be viable," said Jimmy Jung, of One World Publishing. Rolling Stone licensed Hong Kong-based One World to publish the Chinese-language edition. Mr Jung said the magazine, to be printed in simplified Chinese characters, will a mix of local content primarily by Beijing-based staff and translations of articles from the US . "We want to make that we're faithful to the spirit of the brand," said Jung. He added that Hong Kong and Taiwan had more developed pop cultures, mainland China more important. "We feel China offers greater potential and we want to be there from the ," said Jung, whose company also Chinese editions of British car magazine, Top Gear and gadget magazine T3.